本文選題：湖北省 + 油菜��； 參考：《長(zhǎng)江大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)作物的種植面積作為國(guó)家農(nóng)情基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)是農(nóng)作物估產(chǎn)的必要參數(shù),同時(shí)也是國(guó)家的糧食安全重要指標(biāo)。農(nóng)作物面積獲得的主要方法是大面積實(shí)地測(cè)量調(diào)查或者是統(tǒng)計(jì)部門逐級(jí)上報(bào),但是這種方法耗時(shí)耗力而且缺乏空間分布信息。“3S”技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展為監(jiān)測(cè)農(nóng)作物種植面積信息提供了一個(gè)實(shí)用高效的科技手段。實(shí)時(shí)準(zhǔn)確的獲取農(nóng)作物的種植范圍是糧食生產(chǎn)和糧食安全的重要保障。由于遙感技術(shù)的客觀性、空間性、時(shí)效性、內(nèi)容豐富和成本相對(duì)較低的優(yōu)勢(shì)；與其他方法相比利用遙感技術(shù)可以獲得不同時(shí)間分辨率和空間分辨率下的大規(guī)模的地表信息,它在作物面積監(jiān)測(cè)方面具有無可比擬的優(yōu)勢(shì)。本文的研究區(qū)湖北省是國(guó)家的農(nóng)業(yè)大省,其耕地面積占到我國(guó)國(guó)土面積的20%左右,而全省70%的耕地主要集中分布在江漢平原、鄂東沿江漢平原及鄂中丘陵地區(qū)；兼有水田旱地,且水田稍多于旱地,在鄂南水田占耕地的70%左右,普遍栽培雙季稻；而在鄂北和鄂西北,旱地占耕地的68.3%,主要作物是油菜、小麥、玉米、水稻等；及時(shí)的掌握農(nóng)作物的種植面積和產(chǎn)量信息,對(duì)強(qiáng)化農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的管理、調(diào)整農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、輔助政府有關(guān)部門制定科學(xué)合理的農(nóng)業(yè)政策具有重要意義。本論文對(duì)研究的背景及意義、國(guó)內(nèi)外近年來的研究進(jìn)展以及擬采用的研究方法進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的介紹。通過總結(jié)前人在相關(guān)的研究中已經(jīng)取得的成果和存在的相關(guān)問題,提出了選題研究的必要性和可行性。農(nóng)作物種植面積提取的關(guān)鍵是準(zhǔn)確地識(shí)別作物類型,但因高分辨率多光譜遙感影像重訪周期長(zhǎng),且數(shù)據(jù)獲取容易受到天氣影響,基本上不可能得到農(nóng)作物的實(shí)際種植面積,高額的成本,導(dǎo)致了高分辨率數(shù)據(jù)的使用是困難的；所以本文選用中分辨率成像儀(MODIS)、環(huán)境減災(zāi)小衛(wèi)星(HJ-1-A/B)、高分一號(hào)等遙感衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)同時(shí)結(jié)合所研究農(nóng)作物的物候以及其他的輔助數(shù)據(jù)采用一種方法來大規(guī)模的進(jìn)行農(nóng)作物(主要是油菜)種植面積提取研究；并分析農(nóng)作物在2005年-2014年這10年期間油菜種植面積的動(dòng)態(tài)變化。詳細(xì)介紹了具體的研究?jī)?nèi)容、方法和結(jié)果。(1) MODIS的植被指數(shù)(MODIS-NDVI)時(shí)間序列數(shù)據(jù)可以持續(xù)反應(yīng)植被的覆蓋狀況,是農(nóng)作物遙感監(jiān)測(cè)的重要數(shù)據(jù)源。為研究基于MODIS數(shù)據(jù)的油菜種植分布信息提取技術(shù),選取湖北省為研究區(qū),利用2009-2010年15個(gè)時(shí)相的MODIS-NDVI時(shí)序數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)合農(nóng)作物的物候和地面調(diào)查樣本等輔助數(shù)據(jù),通過建立油菜種植面積的提取模型,采用多次閾值比較方法提取了2010年湖北省油菜種植分布信息,總體提取精度為85%左右。最后利用環(huán)境小衛(wèi)星HJ-1A CCD數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行精度驗(yàn)證,證明了MODIS-NDVI時(shí)序數(shù)據(jù)及本文方法在油菜種植面積提取中的可靠性。及時(shí)掌握油菜種植面積對(duì)加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)的生產(chǎn)管理、調(diào)整農(nóng)業(yè)的結(jié)構(gòu)以及輔助政府相關(guān)部門制定科學(xué)合理的農(nóng)業(yè)政策具有重要意義。(2)研究提取了2005年～2014年十年期間湖北省油菜種植面積,并分析其變化率和動(dòng)態(tài)度。研究結(jié)果表明：2005年～2007年這三年湖北省油菜種植面積逐年遞減,從2008年至今油菜種植面積有穩(wěn)步增加的趨勢(shì),從整體來看這十年的油菜種植面積是增加的。(3)利用MODIS-EVI產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)提取了湖北省2010年的冬小麥種植分布信息。通過從MODIS數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)品MOD13Q1提取的MODIS-EVI數(shù)據(jù),建立了整個(gè)冬小麥生育期內(nèi)的湖北省的MODIS-EVI時(shí)序數(shù)據(jù)；利用16m分辨率的高分一號(hào)衛(wèi)星影像通過監(jiān)督分類得到天門市冬小麥的種植分布信息影像,用得到的參考區(qū)冬小麥影像對(duì)湖北省MODIS-EVI時(shí)序數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行掩膜處理得到湖北省冬小麥參考MODIS-EVI數(shù)據(jù)；最后利用MODIS-EVI數(shù)據(jù)采用混合像元分解法和波譜分析法提取整個(gè)湖北省的冬小麥種植分布信息。將湖北省10個(gè)縣市的冬小麥遙感監(jiān)測(cè)面積與統(tǒng)計(jì)冬小麥面積進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析,R2=0.85。(4)利用MODIS反射率數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)一步計(jì)算與植被、水體、土壤相關(guān)的各種遙感指數(shù),例如歸一化植被指數(shù)(NDVI),歸一化水指數(shù)(NDWI),歸一化土壤指數(shù)(NDSI).將生長(zhǎng)季(第113天～273天)的各個(gè)指數(shù)的不同時(shí)序數(shù)據(jù)疊加后進(jìn)行主成分分析,獲得每一種植被指數(shù)的第一主成分,然后將三種指數(shù)的第一主成分疊加,將疊加的圖利用SVM分類獲得旱地和水田的信息,最后在旱田的基礎(chǔ)上利用玉米和大豆特殊時(shí)期的差異區(qū)分玉米和大豆,從而得到湖北省2014年精細(xì)作物分類狀況。
[Abstract]:As the basic data of national agricultural situation, the planting area of crops is a necessary parameter for crop yield estimation, and it is also an important index of national food security. The main method of crop area acquisition is large area survey survey or statistical department report by level, but this method is time-consuming and lack of spatial distribution information. "3 The rapid development of S technology provides a practical and efficient technology for monitoring crop planting area information. Real time and accurate harvest of crops is an important guarantee for grain production and food security. The advantages of remote sensing technology are objective, spatiality, timeliness, rich inside capacity and relatively low cost; Compared with remote sensing technology, the method can obtain large scale surface information with different time resolution and spatial resolution. It has unparalleled advantage in crop area monitoring. In this paper, Hubei province is a major agricultural province of the country. Its cultivated area accounts for about 20% of the land area in China, and 70% of the cultivated land in the province. Mainly concentrated in Jianghan Plain, east of Hubei Province along Jianghan Plain and hilly area of central Hubei Province, there are dry land in the paddy field, and the paddy field is slightly more than dry land. In the southern Hubei Province, about 70% of the cultivated land is cultivated. In Northern Hubei and northwest of Hubei, 68.3% of the cultivated land, the main crops are rape, wheat, corn, rice and so on. The planting area and yield information of crops is of great significance to strengthening the management of agricultural production, adjusting the agricultural structure and assisting the relevant departments of the government to formulate scientific and rational agricultural policies. This paper gives a detailed introduction to the background and significance of the research, the research progress in recent years at home and abroad and the research methods used to be used. The key to the extraction of crop planting area is to identify the type of crop accurately, but because the high resolution multi spectral remote sensing image revisits a long period, and the data acquisition is easily affected by the weather, it is basically impossible. It is difficult to use the actual planting area of crops and high cost, which leads to the use of high resolution data. Therefore, this paper uses the medium resolution imager (MODIS), the environmental disaster reduction satellite (HJ-1-A/B), the high score number one and other remote sensing satellite data, which combines the phenology of the research crops and other auxiliary data. Methods to study crop area extraction on a large scale (mainly rapeseed), and analyze the dynamic changes of crop planting area during the 10 years of -2014 in 2005. Detailed research contents, methods and results were introduced in detail. (1) the vegetation index (MODIS-NDVI) time sequence data of MODIS can continue to respond to vegetation. The coverage situation is an important data source for crop remote sensing monitoring. In order to study the extraction technology of rape planting distribution based on MODIS data, Hubei province is selected as the research area, and the MODIS-NDVI time series data of 2009-2010 years and 15 phases are used, and the auxiliary data of Crop Phenology and ground investigation sample are combined to establish the planting area of rape. Extraction model and multiple threshold comparison method were used to extract the distribution information of rape planting in Hubei Province in 2010. The overall extraction precision was about 85%. Finally, the accuracy of the environmental small satellite HJ-1A CCD data was used to verify the reliability of the MODIS-NDVI time series data and the method of this method in the extraction of rape planting surface. The area is of great significance to strengthen the production management of agriculture, adjust the structure of agriculture and assist the relevant government departments to formulate scientific and rational agricultural policies. (2) the area of rape planting in Hubei Province during the period of ten years from 2005 to 2014 was extracted, and its change rate and dynamic degree were analyzed. The results showed that the three year lake from 2005 to 2007 was the result of the study. The planting area of rape in northern province has decreased year by year. From 2008 to now, the planting area of rape has been steadily increasing. In the whole ten years, the planting area of rape is increasing. (3) the distribution information of winter wheat planting in Hubei province in 2010 was extracted by using MODIS-EVI product data. The MODIS-EVI data extracted from MOD13Q1 data products, The MODIS-EVI time series data of Hubei Province during the whole winter wheat growth period were established, and the image of the planting distribution information of Winter Wheat in Tianmen was obtained through supervised classification by the high score satellite image of 16m resolution, and the winter wheat image of the reference area was used to mask the MODIS-EVI time sequence data of Hubei province to get the winter small of Hubei province. Wheat reference MODIS-EVI data; finally, using MODIS-EVI data to extract the distribution information of winter wheat planting in Hubei province by using the mixed pixel decomposition method and spectral analysis method. The correlation analysis between the winter wheat monitoring area of the 10 counties and the statistical winter wheat area in the 10 counties of Hubei province is analyzed, and the R2= 0.85. (4) uses the MODIS reflectance data to further calculate the data. Various remote sensing indices related to vegetation, water and soil, such as the normalized vegetation index (NDVI), normalized water index (NDWI), and normalized soil index (NDSI), are added to the principal component analysis of each index of the growing season (113rd days to 273 days) to obtain the first principal component of each planting index, and then three The first principal component of the species index is superimposed, and the superimposed map is used to obtain the information of the dry land and the paddy field by SVM classification. Finally, corn and soybean are distinguished from the special period of maize and soybean on the basis of the dryland, thus the classification of fine crops in Hubei Province in 2014 is obtained.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S127;S31

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