發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-21 18:10

  本文選題：復(fù)墾土壤 + 固氮菌��； 參考：《湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：礦山開(kāi)采過(guò)程中不僅破壞和侵占大量土地資源,同時(shí)也帶來(lái)了一系列的環(huán)境問(wèn)題和社會(huì)問(wèn)題。礦區(qū)土地復(fù)墾及其土壤重建對(duì)緩解我國(guó)人地矛盾具有重要的實(shí)踐意義。本研究以湖南省煤礦區(qū)復(fù)墾土壤為研究對(duì)象,在對(duì)煤礦區(qū)復(fù)墾土壤肥力調(diào)查研究的基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)室內(nèi)培養(yǎng)、盆栽試驗(yàn),進(jìn)行了固氮菌、解磷菌和解鉀菌的篩選與應(yīng)用研究,并對(duì)所選優(yōu)勢(shì)菌株和引進(jìn)菌株進(jìn)行了復(fù)配構(gòu)建及其載體的篩選。旨在為湖南省煤礦區(qū)復(fù)墾土壤的生態(tài)重建提供高效微生物復(fù)合菌群。主要研究結(jié)果如下：1.湖南省煤礦區(qū)土地復(fù)墾方式以紅壤生土覆蓋為主,土壤肥力低,生物活性差。典型樣區(qū)土壤微生物總數(shù)(細(xì)菌、真菌、放線菌之和)在6×104以下,土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量在5.43～17.73g/kg之間,多在10g/kg以下,全氮、堿解氮含量為0.13-0.63g/kg和40.96～116.31mg/kg,全磷、速效磷含量為0.13～0.59 g/kg和0.51～4.47mg/kg,全鉀、速效鉀含量為14.77～24.82g/kg和38.01～203.94mg/kg。具有嚴(yán)重缺磷、缺氮,缺少有機(jī)質(zhì),鉀素營(yíng)養(yǎng)較豐富的特征。經(jīng)初篩、復(fù)篩、土壤培養(yǎng),從復(fù)墾土壤中篩選出了活力比較強(qiáng)的2株固氮菌(N2、N3),2株解磷菌(P1、P7),2株解鉀菌(K7、K8)。N2和N3液體培養(yǎng)的活力測(cè)定值分別為100mL含氮2.28g和1.19gN/mL,P1、P7的活力測(cè)定值為溶磷率為12.12%和24.31%,K7、K8的解鉀量較對(duì)照提高了48.0%和49.5%。2.油菜盆栽試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,不同供試菌株對(duì)土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、氮、磷、鉀的含量影響不明顯,但土壤pH值有降低趨勢(shì)。不同處理的土壤微生物數(shù)量、油菜的生長(zhǎng)及產(chǎn)量差異比較大。其中,P7、A(從俄羅斯引進(jìn))、K8表現(xiàn)較好,可有效提高土壤微生物數(shù)量和植株的氮、磷、鉀總量,油菜的角果數(shù)和籽粒的千粒重明顯增加,增產(chǎn)效果顯著,以P7和A的效果更佳。3.在拮抗試驗(yàn)中,N2, P7, K7、K8, A, SX3-2(由項(xiàng)目組提供)之間的油菜生長(zhǎng)較好,無(wú)明顯的拮抗現(xiàn)象。4.在設(shè)計(jì)的30組復(fù)合菌液體培養(yǎng)中,N2+K8+P7、N2+K8+SX3-2、N2+A+K8+P7和N2+A+K8+SX3-2組合表現(xiàn)出明顯的生長(zhǎng)優(yōu)勢(shì),它們的OD600值均在0.9以上。5.在微生物菌群的載體篩選中,以75%堆肥+25%谷糠處理的微生物數(shù)量最高,并且具有無(wú)明顯異味、物理性狀穩(wěn)定、不產(chǎn)生高溫的性質(zhì)。
[Abstract]:The mining process not only destroys and encroaches on a large number of land resources, but also brings a series of environmental and social problems. Land reclamation and soil reconstruction in mining areas are of great practical significance to alleviate the contradiction between people and land in China. On the basis of investigation and study on fertility of reclaimed soil in coal mine area of Hunan Province, the screening and application of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus releasing bacteria and potassium releasing bacteria were studied through indoor culture and pot experiment. The selected dominant strains and imported strains were constructed and their vectors were screened. The aim of this paper is to provide efficient microbial complex flora for the ecological reconstruction of reclaimed soil in coal mine area of Hunan province. The main results are as follows: 1. The land reclamation in coal mine area of Hunan Province is dominated by red soil cover with low soil fertility and poor biological activity. The total number of soil microbes (bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes) is below 6 脳 10 ~ 4, the content of soil organic matter is below 5.43~17.73g/kg, the content of total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen is 0.13-0.63g/kg and 40.96g / kg of 116.31 mg / kg, the content of total phosphorus and available phosphorus is 0.130.59 g/kg and 0.514.47 mg / kg / kg, total potassium, total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen are 0.130.59 g/kg and 0.514.47 mg / kg, respectively. The available potassium contents were 14.77~24.82g/kg and 38.01% ~ 203.94 mg / kg 路kg ~ (-1) 路min ~ (-1) 路min ~ (-1). It is characterized by serious phosphorus deficiency, nitrogen deficiency, lack of organic matter and abundant potassium nutrition. After primary screening, re-screening, soil culture, Two strains of nitrogen-fixing bacteria N _ 2 N _ 2N _ 3N _ 3 and two strains of P _ 2O _ 3 P _ (1) P _ (7) P _ (7) were screened from reclaimed soil. The activity of K _ (2) K _ (8) N _ (2) and N _ (3) in liquid culture were 100mL 2.28 g and 1.19 g N 路mL ~ (-1) P _ (1) P _ (1) P _ (7), respectively. The dissolution rates of phosphorus were 12.12% and 24.31% K _ 7K _ 8, respectively. The quantity increased by 48.0% and 49.5%, respectively. The results of rape pot experiment showed that the soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents were not affected by different strains, but the pH value of soil decreased. The number of soil microorganism in different treatments, rape growth and yield are quite different. The introduction of P7 (K8) from Russia can effectively increase the number of soil microbes, the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in plants, the number of kernels in rape and the 1000-grain weight of seeds, and the effect of increasing yield is remarkable, especially the effect of P7 and A is better than that of P7 and A. In the antagonistic test, rape between N _ 2, P _ 7, K _ 7, K _ 7 K _ 8, A, SX _ 3-2 (provided by the project group) grew well, and there was no obvious antagonistic phenomenon .4. The combination of N 2 K 8 P 7 N 2 K 8 SX 3 2 N 2 A A K 8 P 7 and N 2A K 8 SX3-2 showed obvious growth advantage in the liquid culture of 30 groups of compound bacteria. Their OD600 values were all above 0. 9. 5. In the vector screening of microbial flora, 75% compost 25% rice bran treatment had the highest number of microbes, and had no obvious odor, stable physical properties and no high temperature properties.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S154.39

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