本文選題：生物質(zhì)炭 + 鄰苯二甲酸二丁酯��； 參考：《浙江農(nóng)林大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：鄰苯二甲酸酯(PAEs),是一類環(huán)境激素類化合物,具有致畸、致癌和致突變的毒性。其中鄰苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)是使用量最大、應(yīng)用范圍最廣、毒性較強(qiáng)的鄰苯二甲酸酯化合物之一,廣泛存在于農(nóng)田土壤中。生物質(zhì)炭通常具有豐富的微孔結(jié)構(gòu)和巨大的比表面積,可以用作土壤污染的修復(fù)劑。本研究通過在鄰苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)污染的不同類型土壤(有機(jī)質(zhì)含量低的新墾紅壤、有機(jī)質(zhì)含量高的熟化紅壤)中添加不同種類(稻草炭、毛竹炭)以及不同用量(0%、0.5%和2%)的生物質(zhì)炭,溫室種植上海青并在56天后采集土樣,采用超聲波輔助提取-氣相色譜法分析以及磷脂脂肪酸法(PLFA)考察了土壤類型、生物質(zhì)炭種類以及用量對(duì)土壤中DBP生物有效性以及土壤微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)多樣性的影響。主要研究結(jié)論如下:(1)與對(duì)照相比,添加毛竹炭顯著(P0.05)降低了熟化紅壤和新墾紅壤中DBP的含量,添加2%稻草炭使新墾紅壤中DBP的含量顯著(P0.05)增加了77.81%。生物質(zhì)炭添加量(0.5%、2%)對(duì)熟化紅壤中DBP的含量無(wú)顯著影響。52)熟化紅壤中細(xì)菌、真菌及微生物總PLFA的含量顯著(P0.05)高于新墾紅壤;熟化紅壤中添加2%的稻草炭顯著(P0.05)增加了三者的含量,新墾紅壤中添加毛竹炭則顯著(P0.05)降低了三者的含量。添加生物質(zhì)炭使細(xì)菌、真菌及微生物總PLFA含量的變化趨勢(shì)一致。(3)在新墾紅壤中,添加2%的稻草炭對(duì)革蘭氏陰性菌/革蘭氏陽(yáng)性菌的比值的增加效果最顯著(P0.05),添加2%的毛竹炭對(duì)土壤微生物群落Shannon指數(shù)的降低效果最顯著(P0.05)。添加2%的稻草炭對(duì)熟化紅壤和新墾紅壤中微生物壓力指數(shù)降低效果最顯著(P0.05)。在熟化紅壤中添加生物質(zhì)炭則對(duì)土壤中真菌/細(xì)菌和革蘭氏陰性菌/革蘭氏陽(yáng)性菌的比值以及微生物群落Shannon指數(shù)無(wú)顯著影響。(4)主成分分析表明,土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量以及生物質(zhì)炭的種類和用量均會(huì)對(duì)土壤微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生一定影響,且生物質(zhì)炭的這種影響與土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量密切相關(guān)。綜上所述,與稻草炭相比,毛竹炭更能降低土壤中DBP的生物有效性。生物質(zhì)炭的種類、用量及土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量均對(duì)土壤微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)多樣性具有一定影響,而土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量的影響更為明顯。
[Abstract]:Phthalate is a class of environmental hormone compounds with teratogenic, carcinogenic and mutagenic toxicity. Among them, dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is one of the most widely used phthalate compounds, which is widely used in farmland soil. Biomass carbon has abundant micropore structure and large specific surface area and can be used as a remediation agent for soil pollution. In this study, different types of soil (straw charcoal) were added to different types of soil polluted by dibutyl phthalate (DBP) (newly cultivated red soil with low organic matter content and ripe red soil with high organic matter content). Soil types were investigated by ultrasonic assisted extraction gas chromatography (GC) and phospholipid fatty acid method (PLFA). The effects of biomass carbon species and their dosage on the bioavailability of DBP in soil and the diversity of soil microbial community. The main results were as follows: compared with the control, the addition of Phyllostachys pubescens (P0.05) significantly decreased the content of DBP in the aged red soil and newly cultivated red soil, and the addition of 2% straw charcoal significantly increased the content of DBP in the newly cultivated red soil by 77.81% (P0.05). The content of total PLFA of bacteria, fungi and microorganisms in matured red soil was significantly higher than that in newly cultivated red soil (P0.05), and the addition of 2% straw charcoal significantly increased the content of P0.05). The addition of Phyllostachys pubescens to the newly cultivated red soil significantly decreased the content of P0.05. The change trend of the total PLFA content of bacteria, fungi and microorganisms was the same with the addition of biomass carbon in the newly cultivated red soil. The increase of the ratio of Gram-negative bacteria to Gram-positive bacteria by adding 2% straw charcoal was the most significant (P 0.05), and the decrease of Shannon index of soil microbial community by adding 2% bamboo charcoal was the most significant (P 0.05). The effect of adding 2% straw charcoal on the reduction of microbial pressure index in aged red soil and newly cultivated red soil was most significant (P0.05). The ratio of fungi / bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria / Gram-positive bacteria and the Shannon index of microbial community were not significantly affected by the addition of biomass charcoal in the mature red soil. The results of principal component analysis showed that the ratio of fungi / bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria in soil and the Shannon index of microbial community were not significantly affected by the addition of biomass charcoal. The content of soil organic matter and the species and amount of biomass carbon have a certain influence on the structure of soil microbial community, and the effect of biomass carbon is closely related to the content of soil organic matter. In conclusion, compared with straw charcoal, bamboo charcoal can reduce the bioavailability of DBP in soil. The species and amount of biomass carbon and the content of soil organic matter have certain influence on the diversity of soil microbial community structure, but the effect of soil organic matter content is more obvious.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X53;S154.3

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