本文選題：土壤動(dòng)物 + 群落特征�。� 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文以長(zhǎng)白山地丘陵區(qū)四種不同土地利用方式,即次生落葉闊葉林、灌木林、采伐跡地以及耕地為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)其土壤動(dòng)物群落的組成、結(jié)構(gòu)和多樣性進(jìn)行比較研究,共獲土壤動(dòng)物3門(mén)6綱18目/亞目,其中甲螨亞目(23.91%)、輻螨亞目(16.53%)和等節(jié)跳蟲(chóng)科(16.13%)為優(yōu)勢(shì)類(lèi)群。在不同土地利用方式中,土壤動(dòng)物的個(gè)體密度和類(lèi)群數(shù)表現(xiàn)為,灌木林次生落葉闊葉林采伐跡地耕地,呈現(xiàn)出土壤動(dòng)物分布的差異性。對(duì)于大型土壤動(dòng)物,四種土地利用方式的個(gè)體密度和類(lèi)群數(shù)在不同月間差異不顯著。而對(duì)于中小型土壤動(dòng)物,采伐跡地的個(gè)體密度在不同月間差異顯著,耕地的類(lèi)群數(shù)在不同月間差異顯著,其余土地利用方式的個(gè)體密度和類(lèi)群數(shù)在不同月間均變化不明顯。不同土地利用方式土壤動(dòng)物呈現(xiàn)表聚性分布,其中次生落葉闊葉林和灌木林的土壤動(dòng)物分布隨著土層加深急劇減少,而采伐跡地和耕地垂直分布遞減的比較和緩,且中小型土壤動(dòng)物個(gè)體密度和類(lèi)群數(shù)有明顯的表聚性。土地利用方式的不同影響著土壤動(dòng)物的垂直分布,同時(shí)中小型土壤動(dòng)物對(duì)土地利用方式變化的響應(yīng)敏感。不同地利用方式7月的中小型土壤動(dòng)物表聚性強(qiáng)于其它月份。土壤動(dòng)物的多樣性表現(xiàn)為灌木林中最高,其次為次生落葉闊葉林和采伐跡地,耕地最低。四種土地利用方式大型土壤動(dòng)物的Margalef指數(shù)(D指數(shù))和Shannon-wiener指數(shù)(H′指數(shù))均在同一月間差異顯著。不同土地利用類(lèi)型的D指數(shù)均在不同月間變化不明顯,而不同土地利用方式的H′指數(shù)僅采伐跡地在不同月間差異顯著(p0.05)。對(duì)于中小型土壤動(dòng)物而言,四種土地利用方式D指數(shù)和H′指數(shù)均在同一月間差異顯著(p0.05)。而對(duì)于不同月的D指數(shù)和H′指數(shù),次生落葉闊葉林、采伐跡地和耕地的D指數(shù)均在不同月間差異顯著(p0.05),次生落葉闊葉林和灌木林的H′指數(shù)均在不同月間差異顯著(p0.05)。本論文應(yīng)用冗余分析方法(RAD)探討不同土地利用方式的土壤理化性質(zhì)與土壤動(dòng)物組成分布之間的關(guān)系,結(jié)果表明p H、速效P、土壤溫度、土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、速效N、土壤含水量對(duì)土壤動(dòng)物群落組成分布的影響較大。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the composition, structure and diversity of soil fauna community in Changbai Mountain hilly region were compared with four different land use patterns, namely secondary deciduous broad-leaved forest, shrub forest, cutting land and cultivated land.A total of 3 phyla, 6 classes, 18 orders / suborders were found in the soil fauna, of which 23. 91kum, 16. 53) and 16. 13) were dominant groups of soil fauna.In different land use patterns, the individual density and the number of groups of soil animals were as follows: shrub secondary deciduous broad-leaved forest cutting cultivated land, showing the difference of soil fauna distribution.For macrofauna, there was no significant difference in individual density and group number among the four land use patterns.For the small and medium soil animals, the individual density of the harvested land varied significantly in different months, the number of cultivated land groups varied significantly in different months, and the individual density and group number of other land use patterns did not change significantly in different months.The distribution of soil fauna in the secondary deciduous broad-leaved forest and shrub forest decreased sharply with the deepening of soil layer, but the vertical distribution of cutting land and cultivated land decreased slowly.And the individual density and group number of small and medium soil animals have obvious apparent aggregation.Different land use patterns affect the vertical distribution of soil animals, and small and medium-sized soil animals are sensitive to changes in land use patterns.The apparent aggregation of small and medium soil animals in July was stronger than that in other months.The diversity of soil fauna was the highest in shrub, followed by secondary deciduous broad-leaved forest and cutting land, and the cultivated land was the lowest.The Margalef index (D) and the Shannon-wiener index (H 'index) of the four land use patterns were significantly different in the same month.The D index of different land use types did not change significantly in different months, while the H 'index of different land use patterns was significantly different from that of harvested land in different months (p 0.05).For small and medium-sized soil animals, the D index and H' index of four land use patterns were significantly different in the same month (p 0.05).For the D index and H 'index of the secondary deciduous broadleaved forest, the D index of the cutting land and the cultivated land were significantly different in different months, and the H' index of the secondary deciduous broadleaf forest and shrub forest were significantly different in different months, and the H 'index of the secondary deciduous broadleaved forest and shrub forest were significantly different in different months.In this paper, redundancy analysis method was used to study the relationship between soil physical and chemical properties of different land use patterns and the distribution of soil fauna. The results showed that pH, available P, soil temperature, soil organic matter, and so on.Available N and soil water content have great influence on the composition and distribution of soil fauna community.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S714.3;S154.5

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