本文選題：崇明島 + 鹽分動(dòng)態(tài)　； 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),隨著土地需求的增加,濱海地區(qū)多采用圍墾的手段擴(kuò)大耕地面積。但由于圍墾改變了原先灘涂濕地潮汐交流的水文條件,濕地的土壤鹽分動(dòng)態(tài)也會(huì)隨之改變。本研究采用土壤、植被和微氣象長(zhǎng)期連續(xù)監(jiān)測(cè)的方法獲得了圍墾后土壤鹽分長(zhǎng)期變化的數(shù)據(jù)；分析了在不同時(shí)間尺度上鹽分的動(dòng)態(tài)規(guī)律；用模型的方法估算了圍墾區(qū)蘆葦濕地的蒸發(fā)散；并研究了蒸發(fā)散和降雨與土壤鹽分動(dòng)態(tài)的相關(guān)性,探討了影響土壤鹽分動(dòng)態(tài)的機(jī)理。為圍墾濕地土壤鹽漬化的綜合治理提供了一定的參考依據(jù)。研究的主要結(jié)果如下：(1)在年際動(dòng)態(tài)方面,崇明東灘圍墾區(qū)蘆葦濕地耕層土壤在圍墾后,由于該地區(qū)年均降雨量大于年均蒸散量,總體上土壤每年仍能以一定的速率降低。10cm土層的土壤鹽分在所監(jiān)測(cè)的6年間年均降低7.94%,30cm土層的土壤鹽分在2009至2012年間年均降低6.06%。(2)在季節(jié)動(dòng)態(tài)方面,土壤鹽分在大多數(shù)年份里呈春、夏、秋升高,冬季降低的趨勢(shì)。其中春季上升緩慢,夏季和秋季波動(dòng)較大,升高與降低交替進(jìn)行,秋季鹽分積累最為嚴(yán)重,冬季,土壤鹽分都會(huì)在迅速降低后會(huì)維持在較低水平。(3)在日動(dòng)態(tài)方面,10cm土層的土壤鹽分呈黎明前最低,下午2點(diǎn)左右最高的波動(dòng)趨勢(shì),30cm土層的土壤鹽分變化稍有滯后,且1 Ocm土層土壤鹽分波動(dòng)情況比30cm土層劇烈。(4)蘆葦濕地的蒸發(fā)散在春季和冬季與表層土壤鹽分動(dòng)態(tài)存在顯著相關(guān),而在夏季和秋季無(wú)顯著相關(guān)。降雨對(duì)土壤鹽分的淋溶作用存在滯后效應(yīng),在大降雨事件發(fā)生后的7天內(nèi),1Ocm土層和30cm土層土壤鹽分均有顯著下降的趨勢(shì),且1Ocm土層下降速率呈先快后慢的趨勢(shì),30cm土層下降速率平穩(wěn)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the increase of land demand, coastal areas use the means of reclamation to expand the area of cultivated land.However, because reclamation changed the hydrological conditions of tidal exchange, the soil salinity dynamics would change.In this study, soil, vegetation and micrometeorological long-term monitoring methods were used to obtain the long-term changes of soil salinity after reclamation, and the dynamic laws of salinity were analyzed at different time scales.The evapotranspiration of Reed wetland in reclamation area was estimated by using the model method, and the correlation between evaporation and rainfall and soil salinity dynamics was studied, and the mechanism of affecting soil salt dynamics was discussed.It provides a certain reference for comprehensive management of soil salinization in reclaimed wetland.The main results of the study are as follows: (1) in terms of interannual dynamics, the annual rainfall of Reed wetland topsoil in Chongming Dongtan Reclamation area is greater than that of annual evapotranspiration after reclamation.As a whole, the soil salinity of the soil layer of 10 cm can still decrease at a certain rate at a certain rate per year in the six years monitored. The soil salinity of the soil layer of 7.94 ~ 30 cm is decreased by 6.06% per year from 2009 to 2012) in the aspect of seasonal dynamics, the soil salinity of the soil can be reduced at a certain rate per year.Soil salinity increased in spring, summer and autumn and decreased in winter in most years.Among them, the rise in spring is slow, the fluctuation in summer and autumn is great, the increase and decrease are alternately carried out, the salt accumulation in autumn is the most serious, and in winter,The soil salt content of 10cm soil layer was the lowest before dawn in the daily dynamic aspect, and the soil salt content of 30cm soil layer had a slight lag in the peak fluctuation trend around 2: 00 pm, and the soil salt content of 10cm soil layer was lower than that of the soil salt content in the soil layer of 30cm soil layer.Moreover, the fluctuation of soil salinity in Ocm soil layer was more intense than that in 30cm soil layer. 4) the evaporation and dispersion of Reed wetland in spring and winter were significantly related to the salinity dynamics of surface soil, but there was no significant correlation in summer and autumn.The precipitation had lag effect on the leaching of soil salt, and the salt content in the soil layer of 1 Ocm and 30cm layer decreased significantly within 7 days after the heavy rainfall event.The decreasing rate of 1Ocm soil layer was first faster then slower than that of 30 cm soil layer.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S152.7

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