發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-08 20:18

  本文選題：蚯蚓　切入點(diǎn)：生長(zhǎng)繁殖　出處：《華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)業(yè)有機(jī)廢棄物的不合理處置造成了生態(tài)環(huán)境污染等問(wèn)題,嚴(yán)重影響著農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)性發(fā)展和人類(lèi)的健康生活。蚯蚓堆制處理對(duì)有機(jī)物料的分解轉(zhuǎn)化、形態(tài)改變具有推動(dòng)作用。目前針對(duì)常見(jiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)有機(jī)廢棄物的養(yǎng)分特征對(duì)蚯蚓堆制處理研究較少。本研究結(jié)合不同有機(jī)物料中蚯蚓的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育情況,旨在揭示蚯蚓的生長(zhǎng)繁殖與不同有機(jī)物料養(yǎng)分特征的關(guān)系,有助于為優(yōu)化堆制環(huán)境、提高其堆制效率提供指導(dǎo),以及為蚯蚓更好地作為工程生物在畜禽糞便等農(nóng)業(yè)有機(jī)廢棄物的減量化、無(wú)害化、資源化利用處理的應(yīng)用提供理論依據(jù)。本研究采用室內(nèi)堆制實(shí)驗(yàn)技術(shù),選取赤子愛(ài)勝蚓(Eisenia foetida)和五種常見(jiàn)的農(nóng)業(yè)有機(jī)廢棄物即牛糞、蘑菇渣、羊糞、雞糞和豬糞為研究對(duì)象,進(jìn)行了為期45d的堆制處理實(shí)驗(yàn)。得出如下結(jié)果:(1)蚯蚓的生長(zhǎng)狀況與有機(jī)物料的養(yǎng)分特征有密切聯(lián)系。本研究供試物料的碳氮比在7-17范圍內(nèi),蚯蚓存活率隨物料碳氮比的增加而增大,高碳氮比促進(jìn)成蚓增重,而且對(duì)蚓繭數(shù)、幼蚓數(shù)的增加更有利;全氮含量高對(duì)蚯蚓生存有抑制作用,但能夠促進(jìn)成蚓最大單體重、蚓繭數(shù)、幼蚓數(shù)的增加;5種有機(jī)物料的pH值在6-9范圍內(nèi),蚓繭、幼蚓數(shù)隨物料pH值的增大而增加,即堿性環(huán)境相對(duì)于酸性環(huán)境更適合蚯蚓的繁殖;有機(jī)碳含量高會(huì)導(dǎo)致蚯蚓死亡率增加,對(duì)蚯蚓生存不利;高氮磷比會(huì)導(dǎo)致蚓繭數(shù)下降,對(duì)蚯蚓繁殖有抑制作用;高速效鉀含量會(huì)增加幼蚓數(shù)。(2)蚯蚓堆制作用能對(duì)有機(jī)物料的養(yǎng)分特征有顯著影響。在物料本身氮素礦化作用較弱的情況下,蚯蚓能顯著降低物料的碳氮比;蚯蚓可以通過(guò)將有機(jī)氮轉(zhuǎn)化為硝態(tài)氮和銨態(tài)氮、自身分泌富氮物質(zhì)等方式提高物料中的全氮含量;蚯蚓能通過(guò)生理作用將環(huán)境有機(jī)碳和pH值調(diào)節(jié)至適宜其生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的含量范圍;蚯蚓能夠顯著提高物料全磷含量,促進(jìn)速效磷、速效鉀的積累,對(duì)全鉀含量有降低作用。綜上所述,蚯蚓的堆制作用會(huì)增加全氮、全磷、速效磷、速效鉀的含量,降低碳氮比和全鉀含量,并將有機(jī)碳和pH值維持在最適范圍內(nèi);在本研究條件下,高碳氮比、低全氮和低有機(jī)碳的環(huán)境更有利于蚯蚓的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育,高碳氮比、高全氮、高速效鉀和低氮磷比的堿性環(huán)境更有利于蚯蚓的繁殖;蘑菇渣、牛糞為最適合作為蚯蚓堆制處理餌料,雞糞最不適合。
[Abstract]:The unreasonable disposal of agricultural organic wastes has caused the ecological environment pollution and has seriously affected the sustainable development of agriculture and the healthy life of human beings.Earthworm piling can promote the decomposition and transformation of organic materials.At present, there is little research on earthworm composting based on the nutrient characteristics of common agricultural organic wastes.The purpose of this study was to reveal the relationship between the growth and reproduction of earthworms and the nutrient characteristics of different organic materials, and to provide guidance for optimizing the stacking environment and increasing the efficiency of earthworms.It also provides a theoretical basis for the application of earthworms as engineering organisms in the reduction, innocuity and utilization of agricultural organic wastes such as livestock and poultry dung.In this study, we selected Eisenia foetida (Eisenia foetida) and five common agricultural organic wastes, namely cow dung, mushroom dregs, sheep dung, chicken dung and pig dung, for 45 days.The results are as follows: (1) the growth status of earthworms is closely related to the nutrient characteristics of organic materials.In the range of 7-17, the survival rate of earthworm increased with the increase of C / N ratio, and the high C / N ratio promoted the weight gain of adult worms, and the increase of cocoon number and the number of young worms was more favorable.The high nitrogen content inhibited the survival of earthworms, but promoted the increase of the maximum weight of adult worms, the number of cocoons and the number of young worms. The pH values of five organic materials ranged from 6 to 9, and the number of cocoons and young worms increased with the increase of pH value of the materials.That is, alkaline environment is more suitable for earthworm reproduction than acid environment, high organic carbon content will lead to the increase of earthworm mortality, which will be detrimental to the survival of earthworm, high nitrogen and phosphorus ratio will lead to the decrease of cocoon number, which will inhibit earthworm reproduction.High available potassium content will increase the number of young worms. 2) the energy used for making earthworm pile has a significant effect on the nutrient characteristics of organic materials.Under the condition of weak nitrogen mineralization, earthworms can significantly reduce the ratio of carbon to nitrogen, and earthworms can increase the content of total nitrogen by transforming organic nitrogen into nitrate and ammonium nitrogen, and secreting nitrogen-rich substances by themselves.The earthworm could adjust the environmental organic carbon and pH value to the suitable range of growth and development through physiological action, and earthworm could significantly increase the total phosphorus content of the material, promote the accumulation of available phosphorus and available potassium, and reduce the total potassium content.To sum up, earthworm piling can increase the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, available potassium, decrease carbon to nitrogen ratio and total potassium content, and keep organic carbon and pH value in the optimum range; in this study, high carbon to nitrogen ratio,The environment of low total nitrogen and low organic carbon is more favorable to the growth and development of earthworms. The alkaline environment with high C / N ratio, high total nitrogen ratio, high available potassium and low N / P ratio is more favorable for the reproduction of earthworms, and mushroom residue and cow dung are the most suitable food for earthworm composting.Chicken manure is the worst fit.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X71;S899.8
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本文編號(hào)：1723179