本文選題：小麥　切入點(diǎn)：低溫　出處：《揚(yáng)州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：小麥不同生育期階段性低溫脅迫經(jīng)常性發(fā)生并不同程度地影響小麥的生長發(fā)育和產(chǎn)量形成。試驗(yàn)于2012-2014年在揚(yáng)州大學(xué)江蘇省作物遺傳生理重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室試驗(yàn)場和人工智能溫室進(jìn)行,以春性品種揚(yáng)麥16為供試品種,探討分蘗期和拔節(jié)期受低溫脅迫發(fā)生凍害的減災(zāi)調(diào)控技術(shù)途徑,闡明施恢復(fù)肥對受凍后小麥產(chǎn)量和生理特性的調(diào)節(jié)效應(yīng),以期為小麥抗低溫逆境穩(wěn)產(chǎn)栽培提供理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)支撐。試驗(yàn)主要結(jié)果如下：1.分蘗期和拔節(jié)期低溫脅迫后揚(yáng)麥16產(chǎn)量隨著脅迫時間的延長而下降。分蘗期受凍后施恢復(fù)肥主要是增加穗數(shù)挽回產(chǎn)量,拔節(jié)期施肥處理主要促進(jìn)每穗粒數(shù)增加,其次是穗數(shù)增加,產(chǎn)量挽回。同一處理時段內(nèi),產(chǎn)量恢復(fù)效應(yīng)和產(chǎn)量挽回效應(yīng)隨恢復(fù)肥施用量增加而提高。兼顧產(chǎn)量挽回效應(yīng)和氮素產(chǎn)量生產(chǎn)效率,提出分蘗期受凍指數(shù)為0.2左右的輕度凍害推薦施尿素75kg/hm2,受凍指數(shù)0.36左右的中度凍害推薦施尿素120kg/hm2,受凍指數(shù)0.5左右的重度凍害推薦施尿素180kg/hm2。拔節(jié)期受凍指數(shù)0.35左右的輕度凍害推薦施尿素105kg/hm2,受凍指數(shù)0.5左右的中度凍害施尿素150kg/hm2,受凍指數(shù)0.66左右的重度凍害推薦施尿素225kg/hm2。2.小麥分蘗期和拔節(jié)期遭遇低溫脅迫發(fā)生凍害的程度隨低溫脅迫時間延長,植株受凍指數(shù)加重,株高下降。分蘗期凍害后施恢復(fù)肥主要促進(jìn)基部Ⅰ、Ⅱ節(jié)間伸長,拔節(jié)期凍害后施恢復(fù)肥主要促進(jìn)Ⅳ、Ⅴ節(jié)間伸長,對穗長和株高亦有恢復(fù)作用。3.分蘗期和拔節(jié)期低溫脅迫后,隨脅迫時間延長,受凍植株不施恢復(fù)肥處理SOD、 CAT酶活性和MDA含量逐漸上升。施恢復(fù)肥后10d,抗氧化酶活性和MDA含量隨施肥量增加而下降；施肥后20d,進(jìn)一步下降；30d后下降到接近自然對照。4.分蘗期和拔節(jié)期隨脅迫時間延長,受凍植株不施恢復(fù)肥處理可溶性糖含量和游離脯氨酸含量逐漸增加。施肥處理均比不施肥處理下降。低溫脅迫施肥后10d、20d、30d,施肥處理可溶性糖含量和游離脯氨酸含量逐漸下降到接近自然對照。5.隨分蘗期和拔節(jié)期低溫脅迫時間延長,受凍植株不施恢復(fù)肥處理ABA含量和ZR含量逐漸升高。同一處理時段內(nèi),隨著恢復(fù)肥施用量增加,ABA含量和ZR含量逐漸下降。施肥后10d,各處理ABA含量和ZR含量呈下降趨勢,至30d,各施肥處理接近自然對照。GA3變化趨勢與ABA和ZR相反。6.分蘗期和拔節(jié)期低溫脅迫后,受凍植株施恢復(fù)肥處理氮、磷、鉀、鈣、鉬元素吸收量均高于不施肥處理,同一處理時段內(nèi),隨著施肥量增加,元素吸收量增加。分蘗期低溫脅迫施肥后,以施肥后10d至拔節(jié)期植株氮素積累量最高,開花至成熟期次之。拔節(jié)期低溫脅迫施肥后,開花至成熟期氮素積累量最高,拔節(jié)至開花期次之。7.綜合兩年度氣象數(shù)據(jù),陰雨天氣溫和冠溫變化趨勢平緩,冠溫與百葉箱觀測的氣溫差值為0.1-0.2℃；晴天氣溫和冠溫日變幅較大,冠氣溫度差值大,最低氣溫低,小麥容易發(fā)生凍害。小麥越冬期間,夜間至早晨7：00的冠層溫度低于大氣溫度,當(dāng)日最冷時冠溫比氣溫低1.0-1.8℃。小麥拔節(jié)期冠層最低溫出現(xiàn)在凌晨6：00左右,冠層溫度較大氣溫度平均低4℃左右。小麥孕穗期和開花期冠層最低溫度出現(xiàn)在凌晨5：00左右,較低的冠溫可對幼穗產(chǎn)生傷害,小麥開花期推遲。
[Abstract]:The results were as follows : 1 . The results of the experiment were as follows : 1 . The results of the experiment were as follows : 1 . The results of the experiment were as follows : 1 . The results of the experiment were as follows : 1 . The results of the experiment were as follows : 1 . The yield recovery effect and the yield recovery effect increased with the increase of the amount of recovery fertilizer . The results showed that the yield recovery effect and the yield recovery effect increased with the increase of the amount of recovery fertilizer . The results showed that the yield recovery effect and the yield recovery effect increased with the increase of the recovery fertilizer .
20 days after fertilization , further lowering ;
The contents of nitrogen , phosphorus , potassium , calcium and molybdenum in frozen plants decreased gradually after fertilization .
During the winter of winter , the canopy temperature was lower than the atmospheric temperature , and the temperature of canopy was lower than the atmospheric temperature at 7 : 00 a.m . The lowest temperature of canopy was about 6 : 00 a.m . and the temperature of canopy was about 4 鈩，

本文編號：1700627