本文選題：烯啶蟲胺　切入點(diǎn)：水稻　出處：《湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文研究建立了稻米等樣品中烯啶蟲胺殘留量檢測(cè)方法,研究了三種劑型烯啶蟲胺在我國(guó)不同生態(tài)區(qū)稻田環(huán)境中的消解動(dòng)態(tài)和最終殘留規(guī)律。研究為測(cè)定稻米和環(huán)境樣品中烯啶蟲胺殘留量提供了方法,為評(píng)價(jià)烯啶蟲胺環(huán)境安全性和殘留毒理、制定烯啶蟲胺在水稻上合理使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)論有：(1)建立了稻米、稻田土壤、水、植株、稻殼樣品中烯啶蟲胺殘留量的高效液相色譜(HPLC)檢測(cè)方法,各類型樣品中方法的最低檢出濃度分別為：0.05 mg/kg.0.05 mg/kg、0.01 mg/L、0.05 mg/kg、0.10 mg/kg,添加回收率為82.36%-97.10%,變異系數(shù)為1.41%～5.15%,該檢測(cè)方法可應(yīng)用于農(nóng)藥殘留毒理研究、稻米貿(mào)易和質(zhì)量監(jiān)控、環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)等領(lǐng)域。(2)在模擬稻田土壤和水中烯啶蟲胺的消解均符合一級(jí)化學(xué)反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué)方程,烯啶蟲胺原藥在稻田土壤和水中消解的半衰期分別為16.2 h、6.9 h,而可濕性粉劑烯啶蟲胺消解的半衰期分別為18.5 h、8.4 h。結(jié)果表明烯啶蟲胺在模擬稻田環(huán)境中消解迅速,半衰期短,且可濕性粉劑烯啶蟲胺半衰期比原藥烯啶蟲胺長(zhǎng)。(3)50%烯啶蟲胺可溶性粉劑、50%烯啶蟲胺可濕性粉劑、5%烯啶蟲胺超低容量液劑三種劑型烯啶蟲胺在湖南水稻植株上消解的平均半衰期分別為2.5 d、1.9 d、1.0 d。表明烯啶蟲胺因劑型的不同,在水稻植株消解速率有差異,其消解率表現(xiàn)為：超低容量液劑可濕性粉劑可溶性粉劑,這與農(nóng)藥本身的屬性及其施藥方式有關(guān)。(4)三種烯啶蟲胺在長(zhǎng)江中下游丘陵地區(qū)(長(zhǎng)沙)、東北平原地區(qū)(長(zhǎng)春)、云貴高原地區(qū)(貴陽)三個(gè)不同自然生態(tài)區(qū)水稻植株上的消解均符合一級(jí)化學(xué)反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué)方程式,半衰期分別為1.8±0.7d、2.3±0.6 d、1.9±0.3 d。表明在不同自然生態(tài)區(qū),烯啶蟲胺在水稻植株上消解較快,消解速率存在差異性,平均半衰期之間的差異在2d范圍內(nèi)。(5)在試驗(yàn)條件下,三種劑型烯啶蟲胺按推薦施藥劑量和高劑量(推薦施藥劑量的1.5倍)對(duì)水稻植株施藥,一季水稻最多施藥3次(或4次),施藥間隔7-14天,最后一次施藥后7天、14天、21天(或14天、21天、28天)收獲的稻谷,測(cè)定稻米中烯啶蟲胺殘留量均為未檢出(0.05 mg/kg),低于日本制定的大米中烯啶蟲胺的MRL值0.5 mg/kg。(6)綜合試驗(yàn)結(jié)果,烯啶蟲胺在水稻植株上消解迅速,半衰期均小于3.5 d；我國(guó)三個(gè)自然生態(tài)區(qū)自然條件下,三種劑型烯啶蟲胺在水稻上按照推薦劑量和方法施用,14 d以上收獲的稻谷的稻米中均未檢出烯啶蟲胺殘留量(小于最低檢出濃度0.05 mg/kg)。根據(jù)以上試驗(yàn)結(jié)果可以制定我國(guó)烯啶蟲胺在水稻上合理使用技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
[Abstract]:In this paper, a method was established for the determination of enolidomide residues in rice and other samples. The degradation dynamics and final residues of three formulations of pyridine in paddy field environment of different ecological regions in China were studied. The results provided a method for the determination of the residues of pyridine in rice and environmental samples. In order to evaluate the environmental safety and residual toxicology of pyridamine, the scientific basis was provided for the reasonable use of ethylenebutylamine in rice. The main conclusions were as follows: 1) the rice, paddy soil, water and plant were established. High performance liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of Thiopramidine residues in Rice husk samples. The lowest detectable concentration of this method was: 0. 05 mg/kg.0.05 / kg 路kg ~ (-1) mg 路L ~ (0.05) mg / kg ~ (0.05) mg / kg ~ 0. 10 mg 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1), the recovery rate was 82.36 ~ 97.10%, and the coefficient of variation was 1.41% ~ 5.15%. This method could be used in pesticide residue toxicology, rice trade and quality control. In the field of environmental monitoring and other fields, the digestion of pyridamine in simulated paddy soil and water accords with the kinetic equation of first-order chemical reaction. The half-life of prolamine in soil and water was 16.2 h and 6.9 h, respectively, while that of wettable powder was 18.5 h and 8.4 h respectively. And the half life of the wettable powder was longer than that of the original drug. It was 50% ethylenemide soluble powder. The three kinds of formulations were digested on Hunan rice plant with 5% sulfamethylamine ultra low volume liquid and the other three kinds of formulations were digested on the rice plant of Hunan Province. The mean half-life was 2.5 d ~ 1.9 d ~ (-1) d ~ (-1), respectively. The rate of digestion of rice plants was different, and the digestion rate was as follows: ultra low volume liquid agent, wettable powder, soluble powder, This is related to the properties of the pesticide and its application mode.) three kinds of pyridine were planted in the hilly areas of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (Changsha, Northeast Plain (Changchun, Guizhou) and Yun-Guizhou Plateau (Guiyang). The digestion on the plant is in accordance with the first-order chemical reaction kinetic equation. The mean half-life was 1.8 鹵0.7 days, 2.3 鹵0.6 days and 1.9 鹵0.3 days, respectively. The results showed that in different natural ecological regions, the degradation rate of triamethylenebutylamine was faster and the rate of degradation was different. The difference of mean half-life was within the range of 2 days. Three kinds of formulations were applied to rice plants according to recommended dosage and high dose (1.5 times of recommended dose). The rice plants were treated with 3 times (or 4 times) at a time interval of 7-14 days. After 7 days, 14 days, 21 days (or 14 days, 21 days and 28 days) of the rice harvest, the results of comprehensive test showed that the residual amount of pyridine in rice was 0. 05 mg / kg ~ (-1), which was lower than the MRL value of 0. 5 mg / kg 路kg ~ (6) in rice prepared by Japan. The half life was less than 3.5 days in rice plants, and the half life was less than 3.5 days in the three natural ecological regions of China. According to the recommended dosage and method, none of the three formulations of pyridamine residue (less than 0.05 mg 路kg ~ (-1)) was detected in rice harvested for more than 14 days (< 0.05 mg 路kg ~ (-1)). Chinese technical standard for rational use of enolidomide in rice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X592

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