發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-28 16:27

  本文選題：自然　切入點(diǎn)：通風(fēng)　出處：《揚(yáng)州大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：作者于2012年8月至11月、2013年3月至7月、2013年9月至11月在揚(yáng)州大學(xué)某溫室大棚耕作系統(tǒng)中分別對(duì)玉米、番茄和黃瓜進(jìn)行研究。本研究目的包括：1)在受試作物處于溫室自然通風(fēng)條件下,研究不同滴灌水量對(duì)植物生長(zhǎng)、產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的影響；2)研究確定這三種受試作物適宜的滴灌水量、玉米最適宜的氮肥施用量以及根部的水分運(yùn)動(dòng)情況；3)估計(jì)灌溉水分生產(chǎn)率并確定受試作物的滴灌制度。溫室大棚為半圓形，底部為6m×30m的矩形,覆蓋有白色聚乙烯薄膜,采用南北向布置。溫室大棚的土壤為砂壤土,pH值為7.1。利用FAO-56推薦的彭曼-蒙蒂斯公式計(jì)算作物騰發(fā)量(ETc)。玉米的試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)采用完全隨機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)，包含灌溉和施肥兩個(gè)因素。灌溉制度分為四種水平：I1=1.25 ETc, I2=1.00ETc, I3=0.75 ETC和I4=0.50ETc。施肥制度分為三種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(相對(duì)于推薦的氮肥施用量)：F1=1.25,F2=1.00和F3=0.75。對(duì)于番茄和黃瓜,安排了兩組不同的試驗(yàn)，分別作為隨機(jī)分組試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)和完全隨機(jī)分組試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)。每組試驗(yàn)包含五種灌溉制度,每鐘灌溉制度有三個(gè)重復(fù)組。針對(duì)番茄和黃瓜的五種灌溉制度分別對(duì)應(yīng)作物騰發(fā)量的150%、125%、100%、75%和50%。研究結(jié)果表明，不同的灌溉和施肥制度會(huì)對(duì)作物的生長(zhǎng)、產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)產(chǎn)生顯著影響。對(duì)于玉米的研究表明,0.5ETc的非充分灌溉條件下,將獲得26.8t/ha的最高產(chǎn)量和0.209tha-1mm-1的最大灌溉水分生產(chǎn)率。非充分灌溉在控制灌溉的條件下產(chǎn)量提高了11.7%,在過(guò)量灌溉的條件下(1.25ETc)產(chǎn)量提高了8.1%,同時(shí)還獲得了16.6cm的更高穗長(zhǎng)。125%的最高施氮量獲得26.2t/ha的最高產(chǎn)量,水分含量為最高值57.2%,100個(gè)種子干重中水分含量為20.4g。在控制施肥條件下，，最高氮含量獲得了11%的產(chǎn)量提升。番茄試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果顯示,在Ⅰ100的水分狀況下獲得了78.6tha-1的可銷售產(chǎn)量，此時(shí)灌溉水分生產(chǎn)率為0.479tha-1mm-1,同時(shí)植株高度和葉綠素含量更高,分別為125.5cm和56.4spado關(guān)于Ⅰ75水分狀況下的作物產(chǎn)量發(fā)現(xiàn)了相似的結(jié)果。100%ETc增加了13.6%的可銷售產(chǎn)量,高于75%ETc。在總可溶物(TSS)和果形指數(shù)(FSI)方面Ⅰ75和Ⅰ100并無(wú)大的差別。對(duì)于黃瓜,T100水分條件下(100%ETc)獲得了37.8t/ha的最高產(chǎn)量,T50水分條件下獲得了27.2t/ha的最低產(chǎn)量。對(duì)不同的灌溉標(biāo)準(zhǔn),T100水分條件下得到了最高產(chǎn)量,分別比T50,T75,T150和T125的產(chǎn)量高了39%、27.7%、3.9%和1.3%。關(guān)于作物的生長(zhǎng)參數(shù)和品質(zhì),T100獲得了葉面積指數(shù)、葉綠素、果實(shí)數(shù)量、果實(shí)長(zhǎng)度、果實(shí)重量的最大值。在T50(50%ETc)的水分條件下,灌溉水分生產(chǎn)率最大,為0.340tha-1mm-1。在T150(150%ETc)的水分條件下,灌溉水分生產(chǎn)率最低,為0.152tha-1mm-1�；诒狙芯�,得出以下結(jié)論：125%(F1)施肥率是得到最高玉米產(chǎn)量的最佳施肥條件,并提高了生產(chǎn)質(zhì)量。在滴灌條件下,對(duì)玉米的0.5ETc的非充分灌溉,以及對(duì)番茄和黃瓜的1.00ETc灌溉是得到最高產(chǎn)量和提高生產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的最佳灌溉水量。
[Abstract]:From August to November 2012, from March to July 2013, from September to November 2013, the authors analyzed maize in a greenhouse greenhouse tillage system of Yangzhou University. The purpose of this study was to study the effects of drip irrigation water on plant growth, yield and quality under natural ventilation in greenhouse. Estimating irrigation water productivity and determining drip irrigation system of tested crops. Greenhouse greenhouse is semicircular with a rectangle of 6m 脳 30m at the bottom and covered with white polyethylene film. The soil of greenhouse is sandy loam, pH value is 7.1. The crop evapotranspiration is calculated by Penman Monti formula recommended by FAO-56. The experiment design of maize is completely random design. The irrigation system was divided into four levels: 1. 1% ETC, 1. 00 ETc, 0. 75 ETC and 0. 50 ETC. The fertilization system was divided into three criteria (compared with the recommended nitrogen fertilizer: 1. 25% F1. 1. 1. 00 and F30. 75. For tomato and cucumber, two groups of experiments were arranged. As a randomized grouping trial design and a complete randomized grouping trial design respectively. Each group of trials consists of five irrigation systems, There are three duplicate groups per hour. Five irrigation systems for tomatoes and cucumbers correspond to 150% and 50% of crop evapotranspiration, respectively. The results show that different irrigation and fertilization systems can grow crops. Yield and quality have a significant effect. Studies on maize show that under the condition of inadequate irrigation with 0.5 ETC, The maximum yield of 26.8t/ha and the maximum irrigation water productivity of 0.209tha-1mm-1 will be obtained. Under controlled irrigation condition, the yield of incomplete irrigation will increase by 11.7. under the condition of overirrigation, the yield will be increased by 8.1%, and the higher panicle length of 16.6cm will also be obtained. The highest yield of 26.2t/ha was obtained at the highest nitrogen application rate of 125%. The maximum water content was 57.2 and the dry weight of 100 seeds was 20.4g. under the condition of controlled fertilization, the highest nitrogen content increased by 11%. The results of tomato experiment showed that the marketable yield of 78.6tha-1 was obtained under the water condition of 鈪

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