本文選題：微滴灌　切入點：微生物　出處：《西南科技大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本論文在新疆科技廳科技支撐計劃項目“新疆土壤荒漠化防治系列滴灌肥產(chǎn)業(yè)化關鍵技術研究與示范”和“國家農(nóng)業(yè)科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化資金項目(項目編號:2012GB2G200469)”的資助下。通過自然篩選和分離優(yōu)勢菌種,并進行分子水平的鑒定,探討了這些菌種的相關生理生化指標和抗逆性,采用復配方法提高其在微滴灌設備中的應用,通過田間的組配結(jié)果證實其可明顯增加土壤中微生物含量,具有提高土壤肥力,促進植物生長和增加作物產(chǎn)量的優(yōu)勢。對土壤荒漠化的生物治理提供一定的理論支撐和技術探索。研究結(jié)果如下:(1)自然分離出的菌株以芽孢桿菌屬為主。菌株SM1與模式菌株Bacillus licheniformis BCRC 11702T(DQ309295)的匹配度高達100%,為地衣芽孢桿菌(Bacillus licheniformis);菌株SM2與模式菌株Brevibacillus borstelensis NRRL NRS-818T(D78456)的匹配度為99%,為波茨坦短芽孢桿菌(Brevibacillus borstelensis);菌株SM3與模式菌株Bacillus subtilis subsp.subtilis BCRC 10255T(DQ309293)相似度在98%,為枯草芽孢桿菌枯草亞種(Bacillus subtilis subsp.subtilis):SM4菌株與模式菌株Bacillus mucilaginosus AS1.3714;DQ898309相似度為99.1%,為膠質(zhì)芽孢桿菌(Bacillus mucilaginosus);菌株SM5和SM6分別是沼澤紅假單胞菌(Rhodop seudanonas palustris ACCC10649)和維涅蘭德固氮菌(Azotobacter vinelandii ACCC10087)(2)各菌株較適宜的培養(yǎng)條件初始p H為7.0~7.2,接種量1.8%~3.0%,培養(yǎng)溫度28~37℃,轉(zhuǎn)速140~200r/min。各菌株對上述因素的敏感程度不一;其中,地衣芽孢桿菌(Bacillus licheniformis)溫度初始p H接種量轉(zhuǎn)速;波茨坦短芽孢桿菌(Brevibacillus borstelensis)初始p H轉(zhuǎn)速接種量溫度;枯草芽孢桿菌(Bacillus subtilis subsp.subtilis)轉(zhuǎn)速接種量培養(yǎng)溫度培養(yǎng)基初始p H;膠質(zhì)芽孢桿菌(Bacillus mucilaginosus)轉(zhuǎn)速接種量培養(yǎng)溫度培養(yǎng)基初始p H;維涅蘭德固氮菌(Azotobacter vinelandii)轉(zhuǎn)速接種量培養(yǎng)溫度培養(yǎng)基初始p H;沼澤紅假單胞菌(Rhodop seudanonas palustris)培養(yǎng)基初始p H轉(zhuǎn)速培養(yǎng)溫度接種量。菌株的生化鑒定結(jié)果顯示,各菌種對多數(shù)碳源的利用呈陽性反應,特別是對淀粉和3%Na Cl鳥氨酸的利用均表現(xiàn)為陽性,而對木糖醇的利用均表現(xiàn)出陰性。(3)在不同溫度條件下,隨著時間的推移,菌劑中有效活菌含量逐漸減少,在90d時為實驗初期的75.6%~96.3%;在不同光照條件下,90d時的活菌數(shù)為實驗初期的83.8%~95.4%;不同壓強條件下,90d的活菌數(shù)為30d時的83.0%~95.4%(常壓)71.4%~95.3%(0.025MPa),69.0%~96.8%(0.05MPa);各菌種在室溫條件下,酶活性變化為2.1%~66.1%,光照條件下影響的最小值為23.3%,壓強0.025MPa條件下,酶活為30d時的69.2%~77.3%。綜合各因素,菌劑的較適宜貯藏條件是:溫度在常溫或者近常溫,光照條件為避光,壓強應該在0.025MPa左右。(4)田間施加菌肥的處理組有機質(zhì)、全氮、全鉀、速效鉀等與對照相比,分別提高了0.8%~55.4%、2.5%~10.2%、60.0%~88.8%、-1.7%~13.0%�；哪惩寥乐形⑸锏目偭坑休^大的提升,其中細菌類比對照增加了9.9%~193.5%,各菌類增加率:細菌真菌放線菌;微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)分析表明:AWCD、Shannon指數(shù)(H')、Simpson指數(shù)(D)均隨著菌肥的加入而呈現(xiàn)增長趨勢,在菌肥處理后的荒漠土壤環(huán)境中,胺類為一種較敏感的碳源,其次分別是氨基酸類,羧酸類及多聚物類。當各菌種的配比為1:1:1:2:2:3時,對棉花的生長促進作用最大。
[Abstract]:The support project "Xinjiang soil desertification control series drip fertilizer industry key technology research and demonstration" and "national agricultural science and Technology Achievements Transformation Fund Project in Xinjiang science and Technology Department (project number: 2012GB2G200469)" funding. Through natural isolation and screening of dominant bacteria, identification and molecular level, is discussed these strains of related physiological and biochemical indexes and resistance, by using mixed methods to improve its application in micro irrigation equipment in the field, through combination of the results confirmed that the increased microbial content in soil, can improve soil fertility, promote plant growth and increase crop yield advantage. To provide theoretical support and technical exploration of some biological treatment on the soil desertification. The results are as follows: (1) natural isolated strains with Bacillus strain SM1 and strain Bacillus mode. L Icheniformis BCRC 11702T (DQ309295), up to 100%, Bacillus licheniformis (Bacillus licheniformis); strain SM2 and strain Brevibacillus borstelensis NRRL model NRS-818T (D78456), the degree of 99%, the Potsdam short bacillus (Brevibacillus borstelensis); strain SM3 and strain Bacillus subtilis subsp.subtilis BCRC 10255T model (DQ309293) similarity in 98%, for the Bacillus subtilis subsp (Bacillus subtilis subsp.subtilis): SM4 strain and strain Bacillus mucilaginosus AS1.3714 model; DQ898309 99.1% similarity to b.mucilaginosus (Bacillus mucilaginosus); strain SM5 and SM6 were Rhodopseudomonas palustris (Rhodop seudanonas palustris ACCC10649) and Vigne Rand (Azotobacter vinelandii ACCC10087) nitrogen fixing bacteria (2) the culture of each strain suitable conditions of initial P H 7.0~7.2, inoculation amount 1. 8%~3.0%, culture temperature 28~37, 140~200r/min. speed of each strain is more sensitive to the above factors not; among them, Bacillus licheniformis (Bacillus licheniformis) P H temperature of initial inoculum speed; Potsdam Bacillus brevis (Brevibacillus borstelensis) P H speed initial inoculation temperature; Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis subsp.subtilis) inoculation speed the incubation temperature of medium initial P H; Bacillus mucilaginosus (Bacillus mucilaginosus) speed inoculated temperature initial medium P H; Vigne Rand (Azotobacter vinelandii) the speed of nitrogen fixing bacteria inoculated temperature initial medium P H; Rhodopseudomonas palustris (Rhodop seudanonas palustris) the initial P of the medium speed H inoculum culture temperature strain. Biochemical identification results show that the majority of bacteria on the carbon source showed positive reaction, especially for starch and 3%Na Cl ammonia bird The use of acid were positive, and the use of xylitol showed negative. (3) under different temperature conditions, with the passage of time, agents of living bacteria were reduced gradually, when 90d is at the beginning of the 75.6%~96.3%; in different illumination conditions, the number of live bacteria for 90d at the beginning of the 83.8%~95.4%; different pressure conditions, the number of 83.0%~95.4% 90d live bacteria at 30d (atmospheric) 71.4%~95.3% (0.025MPa), 69.0%~96.8% (0.05MPa); the strain at room temperature, the enzyme activity changes of 2.1%~66.1%, the minimum value is 23.3% under the influence of light conditions, the pressure under the condition of 0.025MPa, enzyme activity for all factors when 30d 69.2%~77.3%., the suitable storage conditions are: temperature bacteria in normal or near normal, light to avoid light, pressure should be around 0.025MPa. (4) the field applied fertilizer treatment of organic matter, total nitrogen, total potassium, available potassium and so on CK, increased 0.8%~55.4%, 2.5%~10.2%, 60.0%~88.8%, total microbial -1.7%~13.0%. sand in soil has greatly improved, which increased the 9.9%~193.5% control bacteria analogy, the increase rate of fungi: bacteria fungi actinomycetes; microbial community structure analysis showed that: AWCD, Shannon index (H'), Simpson index (D) were with the addition of fertilizer increasing in fertilizer treated soil in desert environment, a more sensitive amine as carbon source, followed by amino acids, carboxylic acids and polymers. When the strain ratio is 1:1:1:2:2:3, the biggest role in promoting the growth of cotton.

【學位授予單位】：西南科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S144;S275

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