發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-27 17:09

  本文選題：人工降雨　切入點(diǎn)：坡度　出處：《北京林業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：露天礦山作為一種日益稀缺的礦產(chǎn)資源,其大面積的人為開(kāi)采造成礦山原有地表形態(tài)遭受?chē)?yán)重破壞,并較易引發(fā)滑坡、泥石流、崩塌等自然災(zāi)害的發(fā)生,已成為一類(lèi)亟待解決的環(huán)境難題。礦山松散體堆積邊坡具有土體不穩(wěn)定、土壤孔隙度較大等特點(diǎn),水土流失現(xiàn)象極易發(fā)生,威脅人類(lèi)生命安全,限制社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展�；诖�,采用人工降雨模擬試驗(yàn)的方法,選取水平階與生態(tài)棒兩種邊坡防護(hù)措施,覆土比例和厚度不變,分別選取15°、30°、45°的坡面坡度,在降雨強(qiáng)度為30mm/h、60mm/h、120mm/h條件下開(kāi)展大量人工降雨實(shí)驗(yàn),以期收集礦山松散體堆積邊坡在不同防護(hù)措施以及不同坡度、降雨強(qiáng)度條件下地表層和礦渣層的產(chǎn)流量、產(chǎn)沙量,并建立綜合貢獻(xiàn)度模型,評(píng)價(jià)不同防護(hù)措施的減流、減沙效益,為露天礦山堆渣邊坡生態(tài)恢復(fù)提供參考依據(jù)。研究結(jié)果表明：1.不同防護(hù)措施條件下的產(chǎn)流、產(chǎn)沙規(guī)律研究表明水平階和生態(tài)棒2種邊坡防護(hù)措施減流、減沙效果較好,可廣泛應(yīng)用于生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐當(dāng)中。水平階護(hù)坡改變坡面物理特性,減流效果較突出；生態(tài)棒護(hù)坡可保護(hù)下層土壤結(jié)構(gòu),減沙效果較明顯。2.不同坡度條件下的產(chǎn)流、產(chǎn)沙規(guī)律隨著坡度的增大,水平階防護(hù)措施地表層產(chǎn)流量增大,產(chǎn)沙量增加不明顯。渣層產(chǎn)流量,產(chǎn)沙量均減�。簧鷳B(tài)棒防護(hù)措施地表層產(chǎn)流量增加明顯,產(chǎn)沙量增幅較小。渣層產(chǎn)流量、產(chǎn)沙量均下降。2種措施渣層產(chǎn)沙量變化不明顯。3.不同防護(hù)措施的減流、減沙效益分析不同護(hù)坡措施的減流、減沙效益表現(xiàn)各異。徑流與泥沙的線性擬合關(guān)系表明在不同雨強(qiáng)條件下,水平階具有較好的減流效益(Pri均=15.84%),而生態(tài)棒具有較好的減沙效益(Psi均=24.97%)。
[Abstract]:As a kind of increasingly scarce mineral resources, open-pit mines have caused serious damage to the original surface morphology of mines due to its large area of man-made mining, and are prone to cause natural disasters such as landslides, mudflows, collapses and other natural disasters. Mine loose bulk slope is characterized by unstable soil mass and large soil porosity. The phenomenon of soil erosion is easy to occur, which threatens the safety of human life and restricts the social and economic development. With the method of artificial rainfall simulation test, two kinds of slope protection measures, horizontal scale and ecological rod, were selected, the proportion and thickness of overlying soil were not changed, the slope gradient of 15 擄~ 30 擄~ 45 擄was selected, and a large number of artificial rainfall experiments were carried out under the condition of rainfall intensity of 30 mm / h 60 mm / h or 120 mm / h. In order to collect the yield, discharge and sediment yield of surface layer and slag layer under different protection measures, different slope degrees and rainfall intensity, the comprehensive contribution model is established to evaluate the flow reduction of different protective measures. The benefit of sediment reduction provides a reference for ecological restoration of slagging slope in open-pit mines. The research results show that the runoff production and sediment yield law under different protection measures show that the horizontal slope protection measures and the ecological bar slope protection measures reduce the flow. The effect of sediment reduction is better and can be widely used in production practice. Horizontal slope protection can change the physical characteristics of slope surface, and the effect of flow reduction is more prominent. Ecological bar slope protection can protect the soil structure of the lower layer, and the effect of sediment reduction is obvious. 2. With the increase of slope, the sediment yield of horizontal protective measures increases, but the sediment yield does not increase obviously. The sediment yield and sediment yield decrease with the increase of slope, and the surface layer yield and discharge increase obviously with ecological protection measures, the sediment yield and sediment yield decrease with the increase of slope, and the sediment yield and sediment yield decrease with the increase of slope gradient. The increase of sediment yield is relatively small. The sediment yield and sediment yield of the slag-bed are all decreased by .2 measures. 3. The flow reduction of different protection measures is analyzed, and the flow reduction of different slope protection measures is analyzed. The linear fitting relationship between runoff and sediment shows that under different rainfall intensity, the horizontal step has better flow reduction benefit (Pri) and the ecological bar has better sediment reduction benefit (PSI).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S157

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本文編號(hào)：1672443