本文選題：源頭溪流　切入點：氮磷滯留　出處：《合肥工業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：源頭溪流是河流水系的重要組成部分,其具有的氮磷營養(yǎng)滯留和調(diào)節(jié)功能對調(diào)控和減輕下游水體氮磷污染具有重要意義。為揭示人工操縱對源頭溪流氮磷滯留的調(diào)節(jié)作用,設計正挑交錯型丁壩、下挑羽翼型丁壩、單級滾水壩和多級滾水壩4種人工調(diào)控措施,以NaCl為保守示蹤劑、以NH4Cl和KH2PO4為營養(yǎng)鹽,開展野外示蹤試驗。在此基礎上,利用OTIS模型模擬溶質(zhì)擴散轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)律,通過對調(diào)控前后暫態(tài)存儲指標、養(yǎng)分螺旋指標變化情況的比較,解析人工操縱對河流氮磷滯留效應的影響。此外,本研究還對深潭和曲折溝渠兩種典型渠道形態(tài)開展了氮磷滯留特征分析,主要成果如下：(1)深潭的AS、TS和As/A值較曲折溝渠大,但其α值則較后者低1個數(shù)量級；深潭溝渠λ-NH4+較λs-NH4+高2～3個數(shù)量級,Vf-NH4+較Vf-SRP高1～2個數(shù)量級,U-NH4+較U-SRP高2～3個數(shù)量級,而曲折溝渠的λ-NH4+與λs-NH4+、Vf-NH4+與Vf-SRP數(shù)值上較為接近,U-NH4+較U-SRP僅高出1～2個數(shù)量級,表明深潭和曲折溝渠對于氮磷滯留潛力存在差異,且深潭對NH4+的滯留能力較SRP更強一些。(2)丁壩調(diào)控示蹤試驗研究表明：增設丁壩后,實驗渠段的粗糙度f增大,交換系數(shù)α平均增大1個數(shù)量級；與無丁壩情形相比,1.5、2.5和3m間距的正挑交錯型丁壩As/A增幅分別為27.27%、34.05%和21.48%, Fmed200增幅分別為191.10%、154.59%和179.89%; Vf-NH4、Vf-SRP、U-NH4和U-SRP增加幅度均較大,平均增加1個數(shù)量級；與無丁壩情形相比,2、4 m間距下挑羽翼型丁壩As/A增加幅度分別為105.41%和75.68%, Fmed200增幅分別為240.27%和153.40%；下挑丁壩調(diào)控前后SW值的變化規(guī)律為2m間距4m間距無丁壩,而Vf和U變化規(guī)律均為2m間距4m間距無丁壩,表明丁壩有助于提高溪流氮磷滯留能力。(3)滾水壩調(diào)控示蹤試驗表明：增設滾水壩后,實驗渠段的粗糙度f和As/A的值均顯著增大；單級滾水壩調(diào)控前、后的a值變化不明顯,而多級滾水壩則顯著增大；30cm和50cm高度單級滾水壩較無水壩的Fmed200值分別增大1.44倍和3.83倍,Vf-SRP分別增大2.5和8.1倍,Fmed200、Vf-NH4、Vf-SRP分別增大3.17和18.96倍；多級滾水壩較無水壩的50cm30cm分別增大4.39、5.3和4.92倍。單級滾水壩調(diào)控氮磷滯留能力表現(xiàn)為無水壩,多級滾水壩為有水壩無水壩。(4)多元統(tǒng)計分析結(jié)果表明：流量Q對溪流暫態(tài)存儲潛力和氮磷滯留能力影響較大；溪流的暫態(tài)存儲作用與氮磷滯留關(guān)系密切,通過人工調(diào)控措施增強溪流的暫態(tài)存儲能力,有利于提高溪流氮磷滯留效應。
[Abstract]:The source stream is an important part of the river system, its nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient retention and regulation function are of great significance in regulating and reducing the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in the downstream water body, in order to reveal the regulation effect of artificial manipulation on the nitrogen and phosphorus retention in the source stream. Four artificial control measures are designed: staggered spur dike, lower wing type spur dam, single stage rolling dam and multistage rolling dam. Field tracer tests are carried out with NaCl as conservative tracer and NH4Cl and KH2PO4 as nutrient salts. OTIS model is used to simulate solute diffusion and transformation law. By comparing the changes of transient storage index and nutrient spiral index before and after regulation and control, the effects of manual manipulation on the retention of nitrogen and phosphorus in rivers are analyzed. The characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus retention in deep pool and zigzag channel are also analyzed. The main results are as follows: 1) the ASTs and As/A values of deep pool are larger than that of zigzag channel, but the 偽 value is one order of magnitude lower than that of the latter. The values of 位 -NH _ 4 and 位 -NH _ 4 are 2 ~ 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of 位 s-NH4. The values of 位 -NH _ 4 and 位 s-NH4 Vf-NH _ 4 are only 1 ~ 2 orders of magnitude higher than those of U-SRP, and the U-NH _ 4 is 1 ~ 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of U-SRP, and the values of 位 -NH _ 4 and 位 s-NH4 Vf-NH _ 4 are only 1 ~ 2 orders of magnitude higher than those of U-SRP. The results show that there are differences in the potential of nitrogen and phosphorus retention between deep pool and zigzag channel, and the retention capacity of deep pool to NH4 is stronger than that of SRP. The tracer test results show that the roughness f of experimental section increases with the addition of groin. The average exchange coefficient 偽 increased by one order of magnitude, and the As/A increases of the crisscrossed spur dams with a spacing of 1.52.5 and 3m were 27.2734.05% and 21.48% respectively, the Fmed200 increases were 191.104.59% and 179.89%, respectively, and the increases of Vf-NH _ 4 and U-SRP were larger, with an average increase of 1 order of magnitude. Compared with the case without spur dike, the increase of As/A is 105.41% and 75.68%, the increase of Fmed200 is 240.27% and 153.40% respectively, and the change rule of SW value before and after the regulation is that the distance of 2 m to 4 m is not dike, and the increase of Fmed200 is 240.27% and 153.40, respectively. The variation rule of V _ f and U is that there is no groin with 2m spacing and 4m spacing, which indicates that dike can improve the retention capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus in stream. The tracer test of rolling dam shows that the roughness f and As/A of experimental section increase significantly after adding rolling dam. Before the single stage rolling dam is controlled, the change of a value is not obvious, while the Fmed200 value of the multistage rolling dam increases significantly by 1.44 times and 3.83 times than that of the single stage rolling dam with 50cm height of 30 cm and 3.83 times respectively, and the Fmed200 value of Fmed200m Vf-NH _ 4N _ (Vf-SRP) increases by 3.17 and 18.96 times, respectively. The 50cm30cm of multistage rolling dam was 4.395.3 and 4.92 times higher than that of non-dam respectively. The control capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus retention of single-stage rolling dam was no dam. The results of multivariate statistical analysis show that the flow rate Q has a great influence on the transient storage potential and nitrogen and phosphorus retention capacity of stream, and the transient storage effect of stream is closely related to nitrogen and phosphorus retention. The enhancement of the transient storage capacity of streams by artificial control measures is beneficial to improve the retention effect of nitrogen and phosphorus in streams.
【學位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X712;X52

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