本文選題：沼液　切入點：凈化　出處：《北京農(nóng)學院》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)規(guī)模已位居世界第一,大量排放的養(yǎng)殖廢棄物已引起社會的廣泛關注。養(yǎng)殖污染尤其國內(nèi)較為分散、小型化的養(yǎng)殖場排放廢棄物污染已成為近年來的研究熱點。通常,厭氧發(fā)酵法是不同規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖場廢棄物處理的優(yōu)選技術(shù)。該技術(shù)不僅可大大降低養(yǎng)殖廢棄物污染,而且可以產(chǎn)沼氣,實現(xiàn)廢物再利用。不足之處是產(chǎn)生大量沼液,沼液中除化學需氧量(COD)、氨氮、總磷、懸浮物等含量依然較高外,還含有大量氨基酸、赤霉素、各種中、微量元素、細胞分裂素類等肥分物質(zhì)。沼液污染性與可利用性兼?zhèn)?對其處理處置日益成為研究者關注的焦點。為此,本研究針對國內(nèi)畜禽養(yǎng)殖場大多規(guī)�；　⒎植挤稚�、沼液處理投資運行成本高的現(xiàn)狀,開發(fā)提出混凝-磷酸銨鎂沉淀(MAP)-水溶肥料應用的沼液復合處理技術(shù)。該復合技術(shù)較為便捷、高效、經(jīng)濟,基于混凝-MAP法,實現(xiàn)沼液的快速凈化、達標排放；基于水溶肥料研制,實現(xiàn)沼液的資源化利用。污染物凈化處理與資源利用相結(jié)合,實現(xiàn)沼液的全處理。主要研究如下：1.沼液的混凝凈化處理：單因素試驗、優(yōu)化正交設計試驗與數(shù)理統(tǒng)計分析相結(jié)合,探討混凝劑種類、投加量、沼液pH值、助凝劑聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)投加量和混凝攪拌時間等因素的影響,提出了最佳技術(shù)參數(shù)條件。最佳技術(shù)參數(shù)條件分別為pH值為5.5、氯化鐵投加量為1120mg/L、PAM投加量為3mg/L,先以300r/min快速攪拌30s,再以50r/min慢速攪拌15min,最后沉降20min。處理后的牛沼液COD值為316.7mg/L,濁度值為13.1NTU,總磷值為0.59mg/L,除氨氮外各指標均達到國家排放標準。2.沼液中氨氮的MAP法深度處理：針對沼液混凝處理后的殘留氨氮,采用Na2HPO4·12H2O和MgCl2·6H2O復合沉淀法(MAP法)進行進一步深度處理。單因素試驗、優(yōu)化正交設計試驗與數(shù)理統(tǒng)計分析相結(jié)合,所得最佳技術(shù)參數(shù)如下：pH值為11,n(Mg2+):n(NH4+):n(PO43-)為1.1:1:1.2,反應器50r/min攪拌水動力條件下反應時間為13min、沉淀時間為30min。氨氮和總磷殘留濃度分別為39.4mg/L和3.2mg/L,符合排放要求。3.沼液應用于水溶肥料的優(yōu)化制備：采用分析、過濾、合成和靜置等方法,以沼液為原料優(yōu)化研制得到N：P2O5：K2O的質(zhì)量比為1：1：2和2：1：2的兩種水溶肥料,符合NY1106-2010的標準。每生產(chǎn)1噸NP2O5:K2O的質(zhì)量比為1：1：2和2：1：2的水溶肥料分別可消納沼液800L和600L；所需原料總成本分別為3995元和3642元,不僅實現(xiàn)了畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢水的減量化、變廢為寶,還創(chuàng)造了經(jīng)濟價值。4.水溶肥料的園藝栽培施用性能及參數(shù)優(yōu)化：采用N:P2O5:K20的質(zhì)量比為1：1：2和21：2的水溶肥料對觀賞向日葵、觀賞辣椒和孔雀草進行肥效試驗。分別將兩種水溶肥料稀釋100倍、300倍、500倍、700倍和900倍后施用,3種園林植物觀賞特性均顯著優(yōu)于對照,其中對于觀賞向日葵和孔雀草而言,以N:P2O5:K2O=2:1:2的水溶肥料稀釋500倍效果最好；對于觀賞辣椒而言,以N:P2O5:K2O=2:1:2的水溶肥料稀釋300倍效果最好。
[Abstract]:The scale of China's livestock industry has been ranked first in the world, a large number of emissions of livestock waste has aroused widespread concern in society. Especially the domestic aquaculture pollution is more dispersed, small-scale farm waste pollution has become a hot research topic in recent years. Usually, the anaerobic fermentation method is the preferred technology in different scale farms. This technology not only waste treatment can greatly reduce the pollution of livestock waste, and biogas production, realize the reutilization of waste. The deficiency is to produce a large number of biogas slurry, biogas slurry in addition to chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, suspended solids content is still high, but also contains a lot of amino acid, gibberellin, variety, trace elements, such as a nutrient substance of cytokinin pollution. Biogas slurry and availability of both to its treatment and disposal has become the focus of researchers. Therefore, this study aimed at the domestic livestock and poultry farms are mostly. Small scale, scattered distribution, current situation of high investment and running costs of the proposed development of biogas slurry treatment, coagulation precipitation of magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) - water slurry composite processing technology. The compound fertilizer application technology is more convenient, efficient, economic, coagulation and -MAP method based on the fast implementation of biogas purification, emissions standards water soluble fertilizer; development based on resource utilization of biogas slurry. The pollution treatment and resource utilization of combining full treatment of biogas slurry. The main research results are as follows: 1. biogas slurry coagulation purification: single factor test, orthogonal test and statistical analysis to optimize the mathematical combination of coagulant type, dosage the biogas slurry pH value, polyacrylamide (PAM) dosage and coagulation effect of stirring time and other factors, put forward the optimal parameters. The best technical parameters of technology respectively, the pH value is 5.5, iron chloride dosage is 1120mg/L, PAM With the dose of 3mg/L, with 300r/min 30s and then to 50r/min rapid mixing, slow stirring 15min, finally settling 20min. treated bovine slurry COD value is 316.7mg/L, the turbidity value was 13.1NTU and the total value of 0.59mg/L, except for ammonia and nitrogen indexes reached MAP method for treatment of the national emission standards.2. ammonia in biogas slurry coagulation after the treatment of residual ammonia in biogas slurry, using Na2HPO4 - 12H2O and MgCl2 - 6H2O composite precipitation method (MAP method) for further treatment. The single factor test, orthogonal test and statistical analysis to optimize the mathematical combination of the best technical parameters are as follows: pH 11, n (Mg2+): n (NH4+) n (PO43-) 1.1:1:1.2, 50r/min reactor reaction time under hydrodynamic conditions was 13min, sedimentation time of 30min. ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus residue concentrations were 39.4mg/L and 3.2mg/L, with optimization of emission requirements.3. the application of biogas slurry in water soluble fertilizer preparation: By analysis, filtering, synthesis and static methods with biogas slurry as raw materials produced by the optimization of the mass ratio of N:P2O5:K2O was two 1:1:2 and 2:1:2 water soluble fertilizer, comply with the NY1106-2010 standard. The quality of every production of 1 tons of NP2O5:K2O than 1:1:2 and 2:1:2 water soluble fertilizer can be consumed liquid 800L and 600L respectively; the total cost of raw materials were 3995 yuan and 3642 yuan, not only to achieve a reduction in livestock wastewater, waste, optimize the performance and parameters of horticultural application but also create economic value of.4. water soluble fertilizer: the mass ratio of N:P2O5:K20 to 1:1: 2 and 21:2 water soluble fertilizer on Ornamental Sunflower, and Ornamental Pepper the peacock grass field test respectively. The two kinds of water soluble fertilizer diluted 100 times, 300 times, 500 times, 700 times and 900 times after the application of 3 kinds of ornamental characteristics of landscape plants were significantly better than the control, the concept of For sunflower and peacock grass, it is best to dilute 500 times with N:P2O5:K2O=2:1:2 of water soluble fertilizer. For Ornamental Pepper, N:P2O5:K2O=2:1:2 water soluble fertilizer diluted 300 times is the best.

【學位授予單位】：北京農(nóng)學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X713

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