本文選題：干熱脅迫　切入點(diǎn)：空氣濕度　出處：《山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：為了充分利用華北地區(qū)夏季光照的優(yōu)勢(shì),本試驗(yàn)試圖通過(guò)增加空氣濕度來(lái)緩解高溫危害以達(dá)到溫室番茄越夏生產(chǎn)。試驗(yàn)于2014年6-10月份在自然光照生長(zhǎng)箱(150cm長(zhǎng),120cm寬,200cm高)中進(jìn)行,每天10：00～16：00進(jìn)行空氣加濕,設(shè)置三個(gè)濕度處理：30%-40%(L對(duì)照組),60%-70%(M處理組),80%-90%(H處理組)。結(jié)合葉片溫度的變化,研究干熱脅迫下不同空氣濕度對(duì)番茄形態(tài)、生理生化和生殖等方面的影響,得出以下結(jié)論：高溫(32℃-35℃)下,提高空氣濕度沒(méi)有明顯影響番茄葉片數(shù),但是與對(duì)照組L相比,H處理組的株高增加了0.8%-17.2%,莖粗增加7.6%-13.1%,葉長(zhǎng)增加15.5%-18.5%。處理結(jié)束時(shí),H與L組相比,葉片中SOD活性提高24.2%-48.1%,POD活性降低25.7%-38.0%,MDA含量降低16.7%-25.0%。第二批試驗(yàn)品種“鴻途”中Pro含量和細(xì)胞膜相對(duì)透性在H組比L組分別降低80%和42.7%,植株在逆境下不斷進(jìn)行自我調(diào)節(jié)。葉片中葉綠素含量表現(xiàn)為L(zhǎng)組葉綠素含量最低,且品種間表現(xiàn)一致。通過(guò)對(duì)番茄第2、3、4穗花的觀察發(fā)現(xiàn),高溫下,H組比L組的開(kāi)花率分別提高8.3%-29.4%、19.1%-35.1%、23.8%-37.7%：座果率分別提高13.6%-49.1%、23.5%-53.2%、46.7%～55.9%：花粉活力分別提高38.1%-44.6%、50.4%～54.8%、52.1%-56.9%,由于高溫時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)和營(yíng)養(yǎng)消耗,第4穗花的花粉活力只有第2穗的10.4%-37.7%,并且品質(zhì)間表現(xiàn)一致。掃描電鏡下觀察花粉粒表面形態(tài),高溫脅迫使花粉粒表面皺縮,增加空氣濕度可以減少這種花粉粒的數(shù)量。在離體花粉的培養(yǎng)中也表現(xiàn)為,隨著高溫時(shí)間的持續(xù),增加濕度能減緩花粉活力下降的幅度。通過(guò)對(duì)不同濕度處理下的葉片溫度和葉氣溫差的測(cè)定,結(jié)果表明高溫下增加濕度可以降低葉片溫度,H濕度處理下葉氣溫差為-3-0�！�,植株生長(zhǎng)旺盛,因此就葉氣溫差來(lái)說(shuō),增加空氣濕度能夠促進(jìn)番茄植株生長(zhǎng)。綜上所述,在夏季的高溫時(shí)段(10：00～16：00),溫室番茄栽培中增加空氣濕度至80%-90%,能夠促進(jìn)番茄植株的營(yíng)養(yǎng)生長(zhǎng)和生殖生長(zhǎng),并且高濕度可以幫助番茄植株更好的進(jìn)行自身體內(nèi)代謝的調(diào)節(jié),來(lái)緩解逆境迫害。然而,就葉片溫度變化來(lái)說(shuō),中濕度處理更有利。因此,高溫下增加空氣濕度能夠有效的緩解高溫脅迫對(duì)植株造成的傷害。
[Abstract]:In order to make full use of the advantage of summer light in North China, this experiment attempted to reduce the high temperature damage by increasing air humidity in order to achieve summer tomato production in greenhouse. The experiment was carried out in the natural light growing box in June and October 2014 (150 cm long, 120 cm wide and 200 cm high). Each day at 10: 00 to 16: 00, the air was humidified, and three humidity treatments (30 to 40) were set up, and the control group was divided into two groups: the control group was 60-70m, and the treatment group was the 80-90th treatment group. Combined with the change of leaf temperature, the effects of different air humidity on the morphology, physiology, biochemistry and reproduction of tomato under dry heat stress were studied. The following conclusions are drawn: under high temperature (32 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1655328