本文選題：優(yōu)化　切入點：設(shè)計　出處：《農(nóng)業(yè)工程學報》2017年24期

【摘要】：針對目前果園開溝施肥存在的易傷樹木根系、耕作能耗大、施肥不均等問題,該文研制了3SFBQ-500型果園氣爆松土注肥機,采用液力輔助氣鏟激振的鉆桿結(jié)構(gòu),建立液力輔助氣鏟鉆土的力學模型及運動學方程,分析了鉆桿的土力學關(guān)系,優(yōu)化了鉆頭構(gòu)型參數(shù),優(yōu)化后的鉆頭錐角60°、鉆桿圓柱半徑12.5 mm;設(shè)計了一種基于PLC控制的經(jīng)濟型多旋鈕式開關(guān)操控系統(tǒng),實現(xiàn)了機具手動、自動控制作業(yè),一鍵操作可完成鉆桿鉆土、氣爆松土、液肥注射、鉆桿回升四步操作;在SolidWorks軟件中建立了樣機模型,并完成了樣機的試制與田間試驗工作。樣機田間試驗結(jié)果表明,氣爆作用可在土體內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生裂隙并擴散,300 mm鉆深、0.8 MPa氣爆壓力下的土體最大裂隙寬約3~4 mm,裂隙擴展擾動半徑約400 mm;土壤在氣爆下發(fā)生擾動,擾動系數(shù)達50.11%;液肥在注肥機構(gòu)作用下可在深土層中無堵塞噴射,并均勻擴散;樣機操作簡便,運行穩(wěn)定,工作效率至少0.048 hm~2/h,滿足果園施液肥農(nóng)藝要求,適用于果樹、園林、綠化地的施肥作業(yè)。
[Abstract]:In view of the current existing orchard ditching and fertilizing easily hurt the root of trees, tillage fertilization of large energy consumption inequality, this paper developed the 3SFBQ-500 type gas explosion injection machine fertilizer orchard soil, the drill pipe structure of hydraulic auxiliary gas shovel vibration, mechanics model and kinematics equation established hydraulic drilling auxiliary gas shovel, the analysis of soil mechanics the relationship between the drill bit and optimize the configuration parameters, the optimized bit cone angle is 60 degrees, the drill pipe cylinder radius 12.5 mm; design a economical PLC control based on multi knob type switch control system, realizes the equipment manual, automatic control operation, a key operation can be completed to drill soil, gas explosion soil, fertilizer injection, drill pipe picked up four steps; in the SolidWorks software prototype model, and completed the trial and field trial work of the prototype. The prototype test results show that the gas explosion can produce crack and spreading in soil Powder, 300 mm 0.8 MPa gas explosion drilling depth, soil pressure under the maximum crack width is about 3~4 mm, the crack propagation disturbance radius of about 400 mm; the soil in the gas explosion occurred under the disturbance, the disturbance coefficient was 50.11%; in the role of fertilizer fertilizer mechanism in deep soil layer without blocking injection, and uniform diffusion; prototype simple operation, stable operation, work efficiency of at least 0.048 hm~2/h, satisfy the agronomic requirements of liquid fertilizer, suitable for fruit trees, gardens, green land and fertilization.

【作者單位】： 揚州大學機械工程學院;揚州大學水利與能源動力工程學院;
【基金】：國家重點研發(fā)計劃(2016YFD0700903) 江蘇省農(nóng)機三新工程項目(NJ2017-11)
【分類號】：S224.2
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本文編號：1654036