本文選題：土地利用方式　切入點(diǎn)：染色示蹤　出處：《北京林業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：水分和溶質(zhì)等通過優(yōu)先路徑向下快速運(yùn)移,不僅加大了水資源的消耗,還能造成地下水資源的污染,保護(hù)水資源、控制面源污染成為一項(xiàng)急需解決的問題。目前對(duì)不同土地利用方式下的優(yōu)先流運(yùn)動(dòng)形態(tài)和規(guī)律研究較少,本文以重慶四面山的農(nóng)地和草地為研究對(duì)象,利用染色示蹤法觀察優(yōu)先流的發(fā)生區(qū)域,采用Photoshop CS 4、Image pro Plus 6.0等軟件進(jìn)行圖像處理,通過對(duì)土壤孔隙數(shù)量、優(yōu)先流染色面積、染色路徑數(shù)量、染色路徑寬度等特征參數(shù)的計(jì)算,及對(duì)其類型的劃分,來分析兩種土地利用方式下的優(yōu)先流特征。研究結(jié)果表明：(1)0.8-1.7mm的大孔隙是草地優(yōu)先流形成的主要通道,而0.3～1.2 mm的大孔隙是農(nóng)地優(yōu)先流形成的主要通道。(2)草地更易于優(yōu)先流的發(fā)生,優(yōu)先流較活躍,優(yōu)先路徑的發(fā)育程度較高,但任意土壤深度處,草地的各個(gè)剖面染色面積波動(dòng)變異程度均比農(nóng)地的波動(dòng)變異程度大,且草地各個(gè)剖面表現(xiàn)出明顯的異質(zhì)性,農(nóng)地各個(gè)剖面卻分布較均勻,很少出現(xiàn)較大反彈,說明優(yōu)先流穩(wěn)定性比農(nóng)地低。草地的根系生物量與染色面積和染色路徑數(shù)量呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系,相關(guān)系數(shù)達(dá)0.9以上,農(nóng)地的相關(guān)系數(shù)則只有0.84,說明草地優(yōu)先流的發(fā)生發(fā)展受植物根系的極大影響,農(nóng)地則受耕作措施和植物根系的共同作用。(3)草地土壤優(yōu)先流發(fā)生發(fā)展不穩(wěn)定,呈現(xiàn)“高相互作用大孔隙流—混合作用大孔隙流—高相互作用大孔隙流”和“非勻質(zhì)指流—混合作用大孔隙流—高相互作用大孔隙流”為主的兩種交替發(fā)生的模式,且不同剖面間優(yōu)先流發(fā)生深度和部位均不同,土壤優(yōu)先流發(fā)生類型變異度較高。農(nóng)地樣地優(yōu)先流發(fā)生類型表現(xiàn)出較小的差異性,主要以“非勻質(zhì)指流—混合作用大孔隙流—高相互作用大孔隙流”為主,土壤中優(yōu)先流類型沒有呈現(xiàn)交替出現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象,說明農(nóng)地土壤優(yōu)先流發(fā)生發(fā)展較草地的穩(wěn)定,優(yōu)先流發(fā)生類型變異度較低。
[Abstract]:The rapid movement of water and solutes through priority paths not only increases the consumption of water resources, but also pollutes groundwater resources and protects water resources. Control of non-point source pollution has become an urgent problem. At present, there are few studies on the patterns and laws of preferential flow movement under different land use patterns. In this paper, the farmland and grassland of Simian Mountain in Chongqing are taken as the research objects. The occurrence area of preferential flow was observed by staining tracer method. The image was processed by Photoshop CS4 Image pro Plus 6.0. The characteristic parameters such as soil pore quantity, dyeing area of preferential flow, number of dyeing path and width of dyeing path were calculated. The characteristics of preferential flow under two land use patterns were analyzed. The results showed that the macropores of 0.8-1.7 mm in the proportion of 0.8-1.7 mm were the main channels for the formation of preferential flow in grassland. The macroporous area of 0.3mm. is the main channel for the formation of preferential flow of farmland. The grassland is more prone to the occurrence of preferential flow, the preferential flow is more active, the development degree of priority path is higher, but the soil depth is arbitrary. The variation degree of each section of grassland was higher than that of farmland, and there was obvious heterogeneity in each section of grassland, but the distribution of each section of farmland was even, and there was little rebound. The results showed that the stability of preferential flow was lower than that of farmland, and the root biomass of grassland was positively correlated with the dyeing area and the number of dyeing paths, and the correlation coefficient was more than 0.9. The correlation coefficient of farmland is only 0.84, which indicates that the occurrence and development of preferential flow of grassland is greatly affected by plant root system, and the farmland is affected by the joint action of tillage measures and plant roots. 3) the occurrence and development of preferential flow of grassland soil is unstable. There are two alternately occurring modes of "high interaction macropore flow-mixing macroporous flow-high interaction macroporous flow" and "non-homogeneous finger flow-mixing macroporous flow-high interaction macroporous flow". The occurrence depth and location of preferential flow were different among different sections, and the variation of the occurrence type of preferential flow in soil was higher, and the occurrence type of preferential flow in farmland showed little difference. The main phenomenon is "non-homogeneous finger-mixed macroporous flow-high interaction macroporous flow", and the preferential flow type in soil does not appear alternately, which indicates that the occurrence and development of preferential flow in farmland is more stable than that in grassland. The variance of priority flow occurrence type is low.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S152.7

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