本文選題：土壤鹽分　切入點(diǎn)：時(shí)空變異　出處：《新疆大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：土壤鹽漬化問(wèn)題嚴(yán)重影響了人類的生產(chǎn)和生態(tài)環(huán)境。特別是在我國(guó)西北干旱、半干旱地區(qū)存在嚴(yán)重的土壤鹽漬化現(xiàn)象,對(duì)區(qū)域農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的研究,其重中之重就是對(duì)干旱區(qū)土壤鹽漬化問(wèn)題的研究。本文運(yùn)用地統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法與ArcGI10.0技術(shù)及SAS9.2數(shù)據(jù)處理軟件,以2013至2014年對(duì)研究區(qū)實(shí)地采樣得出數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),對(duì)吐魯番市北盆地沿流域灌區(qū)農(nóng)田土壤鹽分的組成、分布及不同時(shí)空變化規(guī)律進(jìn)行研究。研究結(jié)論有:(1)研究區(qū)發(fā)生鹽漬化的土壤屬硫酸型鹽漬土。樣本中非鹽漬化土壤占了主要部分,而鹽土只占了其中的2.7%,說(shuō)明研究區(qū)內(nèi)整體土壤鹽漬化程度不高。其中,鹽土主要集中在大河沿河下游荒漠地帶。按照表聚系數(shù)公式得0.78,鹽基離子呈表聚型(SAP)分布。非灌溉期間整個(gè)土壤鹽分離子變化比灌溉時(shí)期明顯。(2)沿四條河流分布的情況分析得:大河沿河流域分布的農(nóng)田土壤鹽分含量中,下游含鹽量大于上游土壤的含鹽量,由上游到下游有逐漸增大的趨勢(shì);塔爾朗河下游的土壤含鹽量也高于上游土壤的含鹽量;煤窯溝與黑溝上游與下游土壤含鹽量呈下降趨勢(shì);煤窯溝從上游、中游以至到下游土壤含鹽量的沒(méi)有太多的變化,整體呈趨緩趨勢(shì)。(3)C0/(C0+C)的值在53%—88.6%之間,說(shuō)明研究區(qū)不同時(shí)期內(nèi)各剖面土壤鹽分含量具有較強(qiáng)的空間相關(guān)性�？臻g相關(guān)性表明,5月份土壤鹽分空間相關(guān)性分別為34.2%和47.1%,均大于25%,表現(xiàn)為中等變異性,各剖面土壤鹽分變化的擬合模型分別符合線性模型、指數(shù)模型;11月份,0-10cm剖面土壤鹽分空間相關(guān)性為11.4%,0-40cm剖面土壤鹽分空間相關(guān)性為27.3%,小于或接近于25%,變異性表現(xiàn)為弱變異性,各剖面土壤鹽分變化的擬合模型分別為指數(shù)模型、高斯模型。(4)本文結(jié)合研究區(qū)所處的地理位置、地形地貌特征自然因素的以及人為因素如水利工程,探討分析了吐魯番市土壤鹽分變化的影響因子。
[Abstract]:The problem of soil salinization has seriously affected human production and ecological environment, especially in arid and semi-arid areas of northwest China, there is a serious phenomenon of soil salinization, and the sustainable development of regional agriculture has been studied. The most important thing is to study the problem of soil salinization in arid area. This paper uses geostatistics method, ArcGI10.0 technology and SAS9.2 data processing software, based on the field sampling data from 2013 to 2014. The composition of soil salinity in irrigated farmland in the northern basin of Turpan City was studied. The results show that the salinized soil in the study area belongs to sulphuric acid saline soil, and the non-salinized soil in the sample accounts for the main part. The salt soil accounted for only 2.7% of the total soil salinization in the study area, which indicated that the degree of soil salinization was not high in the study area. The salt soil is mainly concentrated in the desert area of the lower reaches of the river along the river. According to the formula of apparent accumulation coefficient 0.78, the salt base ions are distributed in the form of apparent accumulation type SAP. The variation of soil salt ions in the non-irrigated period is more obvious than that in the irrigation period. 2) the distribution of salt ions along the four rivers is obvious. The salt content of farmland soil distributed along the river basin of Dahe River, The salt content in the lower reaches is larger than that in the upstream soils, and gradually increases from the upper reaches to the lower reaches; the salt content in the lower reaches of Talang River is also higher than that in the upstream soils; The salt content in the soil from upstream, middle reaches to lower reaches did not change much, and the overall trend was in the range of 53% to 88 6%, and the total value of soil salt content was between 53% and 88 6%. The spatial correlation indicated that the spatial correlation of soil salt content was 34.2% and 47.1 in May, respectively, which were higher than 25.1, showing moderate variability, indicating that the soil salt content in different sections of the study area had a strong spatial correlation in different periods, and the spatial correlation showed that the spatial correlation of soil salt content in May was 34.2% and 47.1, respectively. The fitting models of soil salinity variation in each section were in line with linear model respectively. The spatial correlation of soil salinity in the 0-10cm profile was 11.4cm / 10cm in November. The spatial correlation of soil salinity in 0-40cm profile was 27.3cm, less than or close to 25cm, and the variability showed weak variability. The fitting models of soil salinity change in each section are exponential model and Gao Si model respectively.) this paper combines the geographical location of the study area, the natural factors of topography and geomorphology, and the artificial factors such as water conservancy project. The influencing factors of soil salinity change in Turpan City were discussed and analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S156.41

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