本文選題：小菜蛾　切入點(diǎn)：低溫　出處：《中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：小菜蛾是十字花科蔬菜重要害蟲,在中國(guó)的越冬問題一直未有明確結(jié)論,越冬蟲態(tài)及越冬地理分布尚不清晰。本文擬從低溫和取食的角度探究小菜蛾的越冬情況,從如下四個(gè)方面研究低溫和食物對(duì)小菜蛾存活的影響:測(cè)定小菜蛾幼蟲停止和開始取食的低溫閾值;明確不同取食狀態(tài)下小菜蛾幼蟲的抗寒性;明確階段性取食對(duì)小菜蛾冬季存活的影響以及春季寒潮下小菜蛾生命參數(shù)變化,得到了如下結(jié)果:1測(cè)定了小菜蛾幼蟲停止和開始取食的低溫閾值。在1-13°C恒定溫度下處理4h,記錄發(fā)生取食行為的幼蟲頭數(shù),結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)2齡幼蟲在2°C時(shí)即停止取食,3齡和4齡幼蟲在1°C時(shí)停止取食。設(shè)計(jì)逐漸降溫和升溫過程,即溫度從20°C以0.2°C/min速率降至-9°C,平衡15min后以0.2°C/min速率升至20°C,測(cè)定降溫過程中幼蟲停止取食溫度和升溫過程中開始取食溫度,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):3齡幼蟲停止取食溫度為4.7°C,開始取食溫度為12.2°C。4齡幼蟲停止取食溫度為4.6°C,開始取食溫度為12.6°C。2明確了低溫和饑餓對(duì)小菜蛾幼蟲抗寒性的影響。測(cè)定了在25°C和6°C下提供和不提供食物對(duì)不同齡期幼蟲存活率的影響,結(jié)果表明:6°C下不管提供食物與否1齡和2齡幼蟲均死亡;在提供食物的情況下16%的3齡幼蟲和43%的4齡幼蟲能夠正�；�,但不提供食物幼蟲均死亡。測(cè)定了低溫處理前幼蟲饑餓狀態(tài)、處理溫度及暴露時(shí)間對(duì)不同齡期幼蟲存活率的影響,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):1)在-5°C和-10°C下,不同齡期的幼蟲若低溫處理前提供食物,存活率均高于饑餓幼蟲;2)在0°C不同暴露時(shí)間下,若處理前提供食物,2齡幼蟲存活率高于饑餓幼蟲,3齡和4齡低于饑餓幼蟲。3測(cè)定了階段性取食對(duì)小菜蛾低溫存活的影響,試驗(yàn)結(jié)果如下:1)在0°C和5°C下暴露4d時(shí),2,3,4齡有階段性取食的幼蟲存活率高于無階段性取食幼蟲;2)在-5°C,0°C和5°C下暴露6d時(shí),2,3齡有階段性取食的幼蟲存活高于無取食幼蟲,在-5°C下4齡有階段性取食幼蟲存活低于無取食幼蟲,其它溫度下存活情況與2,3齡幼蟲相似;3)幼蟲存活率隨著溫度的降低和暴露時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)而降低。4測(cè)定了春季寒潮對(duì)小菜蛾生命參數(shù)的影響。模擬武漢春季寒潮,將20°C飼養(yǎng)的4齡幼蟲和剛羽化成蟲置于1°C,4°C和7°C下暴露3d和6d,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)1)幼蟲經(jīng)歷低溫后,存活率無顯著變化;幼蟲發(fā)育至蛹所需時(shí)間延長(zhǎng),而且發(fā)育時(shí)間隨溫度降低而增加;在低溫下蛹重隨溫度升高而增加;成蟲產(chǎn)卵量增加。2)成蟲經(jīng)歷低溫后壽命延長(zhǎng),繁殖力下降。
[Abstract]:Plutella xylostella is an important pest in cruciferous vegetables. There has been no clear conclusion on overwintering in China. The overwintering status and geographical distribution of overwintering moth are not clear. This paper intends to explore the overwintering situation of Plutella xylostella from the point of view of low temperature and feeding. The effects of low temperature and food on the survival of Plutella xylostella were studied in the following four aspects: to determine the low temperature threshold for the larva of Plutella xylostella to stop and start feeding, to determine the cold resistance of the larvae of Plutella xylostella under different feeding conditions; The effects of stage feeding on the survival of Plutella xylostella in winter and the changes of life parameters of Plutella xylostella under the cold wave in spring were determined. The following results were obtained: 1. The low temperature threshold for the larvae of Plutella xylostella to stop and start feeding was determined. The number of larva feeding behavior was recorded at constant temperature of 1-13 擄C for 4 h. The results showed that the 2nd instar larvae stopped feeding at 2 擄C and the 4th instar larvae stopped feeding at 1 擄C. The temperature was decreased from 20 擄C to -9 擄C at 0.2 擄C / min, and increased to 20 擄C at the rate of 0.2 擄C / min after 15 minutes of equilibrium. The feeding temperature of larva stopped feeding and the beginning of feeding temperature during heating were measured. The results showed that the stopping feeding temperature of the third instar larvae was 4.7 擄C, the beginning feeding temperature of 12.2 擄C.4 larvae was 4.6 擄C, and the starting feeding temperature was 12.6 擄C.2. The effects of low temperature and starvation on the cold resistance of Plutella xylostella larvae were determined at 25 擄C and 12.6 擄C.2, respectively. Effects of feeding and non-feeding at 6 擄C on the survival rate of larvae of different ages, The results showed that both the 1st and 2nd instar larvae died at 6 擄C, and the 3rd instar larvae of 16% and the 4th instar larvae of 43% larvae could pupate normally under the condition of feeding. The effects of temperature and exposure time on the survival rate of larvae of different ages were determined. The results showed that: 1) at -5 擄C and -10 擄C. The survival rate of larva of different ages was higher than that of starved larva at 0 擄C at different exposure time, if the larvae of different ages provided food before low temperature treatment, the survival rate was higher than that of starved larva. If the survival rate of the 2nd instar larvae was higher than that of the third instar larvae and the 4th instar larvae were lower than that of the starved larvae before treatment, the effects of periodic feeding on the low temperature survival of Plutella xylostella were determined. The results were as follows: at 0 擄C and 5 擄C exposure for 4 days, the survival rate of the 4th instar larvae with stage feeding was higher than that of the non-stage feeding larvae (P < 0.05 擄C 0 擄C and 5 擄C for 6 d) the survival rate of the third instar larvae with stage feeding was higher than that of the non-feeding larvae after 6 days of exposure to 0 擄C and 5 擄C, and the survival rate of the third instar larvae was higher than that of the non-feeding larvae. At -5 擄C, the survival rate of the stage feeding larvae of the 4th instar was lower than that of the non-feeding larvae. Survival at other temperatures was similar to that of the 2nd instar larvae. The larval survival rate decreased with the decrease of temperature and exposure time. The effects of spring cold wave on the life parameters of Plutella xylostella were measured. The 4th instar larva and newly emerging adult larvae were exposed to 1 擄C 4 擄C and 7 擄C for 3 days and 6 days. The results showed that 1) the survival rate of larva had no significant change after low temperature, and the time needed for larval development to pupa was prolonged, and the development time increased with the decrease of temperature. Under low temperature, the pupae weight increased with the increase of temperature, and the spawning quantity of adult increased. 2) the longevity and fecundity of adult increased after low temperature.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S433.4

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