本文選題：垃圾　切入點(diǎn)：摻燒　出處：《河北科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：垃圾焚燒發(fā)電技術(shù)是實(shí)現(xiàn)垃圾無害化、資源化、減量化處理的最為有效的手段,具有良好的環(huán)境和社會(huì)效益。但垃圾焚燒發(fā)電存在兩個(gè)主要問題:一是我國垃圾的熱值低、成分復(fù)雜、水分高,需加輔助燃料。國家有關(guān)部門規(guī)定在循環(huán)流化床焚燒爐中其摻燒常規(guī)燃料質(zhì)量不能超過20%,導(dǎo)致垃圾焚燒發(fā)電廠投資高,運(yùn)營成本高,制約了垃圾發(fā)電技術(shù)的發(fā)展。二是垃圾焚燒若處理不當(dāng),固態(tài)污染物將轉(zhuǎn)化為氣態(tài)或其它形式的污染物,危害人體健康。針對這些問題,本課題做了如下研究工作:1)分析影響污染物排放的主要因素,針對我國垃圾未實(shí)行分類收集的現(xiàn)狀,焚燒前的預(yù)處理是一種最有效的方法;燃燒溫度是影響污染物排放最顯著的影響因素從控制主要污染排放的角度考慮,爐膛溫度一般應(yīng)控制在850℃-900℃。2)通過實(shí)驗(yàn),對煤、秸稈和垃圾及其不同混燃比例的燃料進(jìn)行燃燒特性、焦炭特性、熱解特性和反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué)分析。得出如下結(jié)論:秸稈摻燒有利于煤的著火和燃盡,有助于改善煤的燃燒特性;但秸稈摻混比不是越大越好,摻混比在10%-90%時(shí),焦炭平均燃燒速率呈現(xiàn)拋物線形狀變化;秸稈摻燒對混合燃料燃燒性能的改善主要體現(xiàn)在熱解階段,對焦炭燃燒階段影響不明顯。垃圾成分復(fù)雜,變化性大,垃圾燃燒是一個(gè)綜合蒸發(fā)、熔融、熱分解和化學(xué)反應(yīng)等多種燃燒方式的復(fù)雜過程,不能簡單通過實(shí)驗(yàn)確定燃燒特性。3)以承德某電廠循環(huán)流化床鍋爐為設(shè)備,采用垃圾、玉米秸稈和煤作為混合燃料,通過不同摻燒比時(shí)的工業(yè)試驗(yàn),研究循環(huán)流化床鍋爐運(yùn)行參數(shù)的變化規(guī)律。摻燒垃圾時(shí)會(huì)使床層溫度降低,影響鍋爐的燃燒效率,摻燒的最大比例應(yīng)視床層溫度的低限而定;隨著垃圾摻燒比例的增大,風(fēng)室風(fēng)壓和返料風(fēng)壓會(huì)升高、一次風(fēng)率和返料床溫會(huì)降低;秸稈的加入能夠提高床層溫度,提高垃圾的摻燒比例,但會(huì)使循環(huán)灰量減少,摻燒比例過大會(huì)影響鍋爐的燃燒和傳熱。為提高垃圾焚燒發(fā)電技術(shù)的穩(wěn)定性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性,針對運(yùn)行參數(shù)的變化,隨著垃圾摻燒比例的增大,提出如下運(yùn)行調(diào)節(jié)措施:可采用發(fā)熱量較高的煤種,或增加秸稈摻燒的比例,以維持較高的床層溫度;提高滾筒式除渣機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速以加大排渣率,維持合理的床壓降,降低一次風(fēng)機(jī)的耗能;在保持總風(fēng)量不變的情況下,降低一次風(fēng)率,提高二次風(fēng)率,以滿足爐膛上部燃燒份額增大的需要;提供充足而適量的返料風(fēng),以滿足返料床內(nèi)燃燒的需要,設(shè)旁路風(fēng)門來調(diào)節(jié)返料風(fēng)量的大小。
[Abstract]:The technology of garbage incineration is the most effective means to realize the harmless, resource and reduced treatment of garbage, which has good environmental and social benefits. However, there are two main problems in garbage incineration power generation: the first is the low calorific value of garbage in China. The composition is complicated, the moisture content is high, need to add auxiliary fuel. The relevant department of the state stipulates that the quality of the conventional fuel mixed in the circulating fluidized bed incinerator shall not exceed 20, resulting in the high investment and high operating cost of the waste incineration power plant. This restricts the development of garbage power generation technology. Second, if garbage incineration is not properly treated, solid pollutants will be converted into gaseous or other forms of pollutants, which will endanger human health. In this paper, the following research work is done: (1) to analyze the main factors affecting pollutant emission, aiming at the current situation of garbage collection without classification, pretreatment before incineration is the most effective method. Combustion temperature is the most significant factor affecting pollutant emission. The furnace temperature should generally be controlled at 850 鈩，

本文編號：1632700