本文選題：氯化銨　切入點(diǎn)：尿素　出處：《山西師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著人類對(duì)環(huán)境和健康的日益關(guān)注,在確保糧食產(chǎn)量的基礎(chǔ)上,提高氮肥利用率,降低化肥的用量及施用次數(shù),減少對(duì)人類健康和環(huán)境的不良影響,是農(nóng)業(yè)肥料創(chuàng)新的重要任務(wù)。本論文主要研究?jī)煞N控緩釋氮肥,旨在提高氮肥利用率、改善農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的品質(zhì)以及減少對(duì)環(huán)境的不利影響。第一章通過(guò)盤式造粒機(jī)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室規(guī)模下研究氯化銨肥料的顆�；Ｍㄟ^(guò)使用聚氯化鋁作為固體粘合劑和尿素作為造粒添加劑,使氯化銨的造粒程度顯著改善。通過(guò)聚合物氯化鋁水解產(chǎn)生的高電荷陽(yáng)離子可以減少氯化銨的靜電作用力,導(dǎo)致有效的顆粒聚集。分析聚鋁和氯化銨顆粒的表面結(jié)構(gòu)和特性表明它們的相互反應(yīng)導(dǎo)致聚集核的形成。此外,聚鋁含有大量的活性基團(tuán),可形成顆粒-聚合物-顆粒復(fù)合物,并促進(jìn)顆粒的生長(zhǎng)。同時(shí),尿素和氯化銨可以彼此反應(yīng)形成穩(wěn)定的包合物也對(duì)氯化銨的成粒具有顯著的影響。第二章以價(jià)格便宜、用量廣泛、環(huán)境友好的腐植酸為包膜材料,將腐植酸活化后,尿素為肥料的內(nèi)核,制備一種包膜控釋氮肥。通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)確定出包膜的適宜條件,該工藝操作方便、簡(jiǎn)單,原料豐富且成本低。在包膜時(shí),尿素和腐植酸之間通過(guò)復(fù)雜的化學(xué)反應(yīng)和物理吸附,使包膜層厚薄均一、光滑且緊實(shí),顆粒硬度增大。另外腐植酸施用不但能使土壤得到相應(yīng)的改良,刺激植物根系的生長(zhǎng),同時(shí)也是良好的脲酶抑制劑,能夠在作物生長(zhǎng)周期之前抑制尿素水解,提高尿素氮素利用率,降低氮營(yíng)養(yǎng)耗損。第三章將不同類型的氮肥應(yīng)用于草坪,隨機(jī)選擇草坪地,在施用相同氮含量的情況下,研究不同控緩釋肥以及速效肥對(duì)草坪草生長(zhǎng)和草坪品質(zhì)的影響。試驗(yàn)表明,尿素和氯化銨能很快的改善草坪的顏色,而控釋氮肥可以延長(zhǎng)氮的釋放期,持久的改善草坪顏色效果,使草坪生長(zhǎng)快且均勻,改善草坪的整體質(zhì)量。證明本文所研究的兩種氮肥具有一定緩釋效果,更有利于保持草坪草組織氮含量的相對(duì)穩(wěn)定,降低草坪養(yǎng)護(hù)管理的費(fèi)用,同時(shí)更有利于保護(hù)環(huán)境。
[Abstract]:With the increasing concern of human beings for the environment and health, on the basis of ensuring grain yield, increasing the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, reducing the amount and frequency of chemical fertilizers, and reducing the adverse effects on human health and the environment, It is an important task of agricultural fertilizer innovation. In this paper, two kinds of controlled slow release nitrogen fertilizer were studied in order to improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer. Improving the quality of agricultural products and reducing the adverse effects on the environment. Chapter I studies the granulation of ammonium chloride fertilizers on a laboratory scale through a disk granulator. By using polyaluminium chloride as solid adhesives and urea as granulation additives, The highly charged cations produced by the hydrolysis of polymer aluminum chloride can reduce the electrostatic force of ammonium chloride. Analysis of the surface structure and properties of polyaluminum and ammonium chloride particles shows that their interaction leads to the formation of aggregating nuclei. In addition, polyaluminum contains a large number of active groups, which can form particle polymer-particle complexes. At the same time, urea and ammonium chloride can react with each other to form a stable inclusion compound, which also has a significant effect on the granulation of ammonium chloride. A kind of coated controlled release nitrogen fertilizer was prepared by activating humic acid and urea as the core of fertilizer. The suitable conditions of coating film were determined by experiments. The process is easy to operate, simple, rich in raw materials and low in cost. Through the complex chemical reaction and physical adsorption between urea and humic acid, the coating layer is uniform, smooth and compact, and the hardness of particles increases. In addition, the application of humic acid can not only improve the soil, but also stimulate the growth of plant root system. It is also a good urease inhibitor, which can inhibit the hydrolysis of urea, increase the utilization rate of urea nitrogen, and reduce the loss of nitrogen nutrition before the crop growth cycle. In chapter 3, different types of nitrogen fertilizer are applied to the lawn, and the lawn field is selected randomly. The effects of controlled slow release fertilizer and available fertilizer on the growth and quality of turf grass were studied under the same nitrogen content. The results showed that urea and ammonium chloride could improve the color of lawn quickly. The controlled release nitrogen fertilizer can prolong the release period of nitrogen, improve the color effect of lawn, make the lawn grow fast and even, and improve the overall quality of lawn. It is proved that the two kinds of nitrogen fertilizer studied in this paper have certain slow-release effect. It is more beneficial to maintain the relative stability of nitrogen content in turf tissue, reduce the cost of turf maintenance and management, and protect the environment at the same time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TQ449.1

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