發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-14 20:46

  本文選題：抗侵蝕植物　切入點(diǎn)：土壤侵蝕　出處：《生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào)》2017年05期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：基于對(duì)黃土丘陵溝壑區(qū)延河流域多年(2003—2014年)植被調(diào)查資料的整理分析,根據(jù)抗侵蝕植物定義及Braun-Blanquet植物社會(huì)學(xué)方法,篩選該區(qū)潛在的抗侵蝕植物,闡明不同抗侵蝕植物的分布特征及其生存繁衍能力。結(jié)果表明:1)共篩選出潛在的抗侵蝕植物42種,分屬18科33屬,禾本科、豆科、菊科、薔薇科物種最多,占總物種數(shù)的66%。2)42種植物中85%的物種生活型為高位芽、地上芽和地面芽植物,76%的物種生長(zhǎng)型為灌木/小灌木和多年生草本,78%的物種水分生態(tài)類型為旱生和中生;結(jié)合該流域的氣候條件及42種植物的分布范圍,可將其分成廣幅種、中幅種、窄幅種3種類型。3)55%的物種最大蓋度超過(guò)50%,可成為群落的建群種或單優(yōu)種;其它最大蓋度小于50%的物種多成為群落的共優(yōu)種,這些物種具有較高的蓋度和地上生物量,表明植物能適應(yīng)該區(qū)侵蝕環(huán)境且長(zhǎng)勢(shì)較好。4)42種植物幾乎都具有土壤種子庫(kù)和幼苗庫(kù),60%的物種具有植冠種子庫(kù);除一年生植物,其他植物均可進(jìn)行營(yíng)養(yǎng)繁殖,表明潛在的抗侵蝕植物均能維持自身的生存繁衍。5)42種植物中有13種為主桿型植物,其較大的冠幅能夠保護(hù)基部土壤;8種疏叢型植物具較強(qiáng)的保護(hù)土體和攔截沉積物能力;6種聚叢型和7種簇叢型植物能有效攔截沉積物�？傊�,只占研究區(qū)記錄的總物種數(shù)13%的潛在抗侵蝕植物具有種子庫(kù)和幼苗庫(kù),多年生植物以營(yíng)養(yǎng)生殖為主,能維持自身的生存繁衍;由于植冠對(duì)其下土壤的保護(hù)和植物基部莖對(duì)沉積物的攔截,在植物基部能形成土堆,可有效控制土壤侵蝕。
[Abstract]:Based on the analysis of vegetation survey data of Yanhe River Basin in loess hilly and gully region, the potential erosion-resistant plants were screened according to the definition of anti-erosion plant and Braun-Blanquet plant sociology method. The results showed that there were 42 species of potential erosion-resistant plants, belonging to 18 families and 33 genera. The species of Gramineae, Leguminosae, Compositae and Rosaceae were the most. Among 66.242 species, 85% species are high bud, and 76% of above ground bud and surface bud plant are shrub / small shrub and perennial herbaceous plant. The water ecological types of them are drought and mesophyte. According to the climatic conditions and the distribution range of 42 species in the basin, the species can be divided into broad species, middle species and narrow species. The maximum coverage of 3 types. 355% of species is more than 50%, which can become a community species or a single superior species. Other species with a maximum coverage of less than 50% were the most common species of the community, and these species had higher coverage and aboveground biomass. The results showed that the plants could adapt to the erosive environment in this area, and almost all of the 42 plants had soil seed bank and seedling bank. 60% of the species had the seed bank of plant crown, and the other plants could reproduce nutritionally except the annual plants. The results showed that all the potential erosion-resistant plants could maintain their own survival and reproduction. 13 of the 42 species were mainly stem type plants. Its larger crown can protect the base soil of 8 species of sparse vegetation with strong ability to protect soil and intercept sediment. 6 kinds of cluster type and 7 species of cluster type plants can effectively intercept sediment. The potential erosion-resistant plants, which account for only 13% of the total species recorded in the study area, have seed banks and seedling banks, and perennial plants are mainly vegetative and reproductive, which can maintain their own survival and reproduction. Because of the protection of the soil under the plant crown and the interception of the sediment by the stem at the base of the plant, the soil heap can be formed at the base of the plant, which can effectively control soil erosion.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)科學(xué)院水利部水土保持研究所黃土高原土壤侵蝕與旱地農(nóng)業(yè)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)水土保持研究所;西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)林學(xué)院;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金面上資助項(xiàng)目(41371280,41030532)
【分類號(hào)】：S157

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