發(fā)布時間：2018-03-11 12:12

  本文選題：無機磷細菌　切入點：分離　出處：《西北師范大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：探究山西晉中市石灰性土壤中作物根際解磷細菌的種類、解磷能力以及解磷機制,根據(jù)研究結果以期篩選出高效穩(wěn)定的解磷菌株,為了生產(chǎn)具有土壤解磷活性強的生物磷肥提供良好菌株,進而在石灰性土壤上實現(xiàn)以解磷細菌替代磷肥、降低磷肥用量、提高作物產(chǎn)量、降低環(huán)境污染的目的。石灰性土壤是其剖面中含有碳酸鈣或碳酸氫鈣等石灰性物質(zhì)的土壤的總稱。在我國多分布于北部和西北部半濕潤、半干旱和干旱地區(qū),其成土母質(zhì)多為黃土狀沉積物和石灰?guī)r風化物。碳酸鈣在剖面中的分布,根據(jù)不同的成土條件,有的與土壤均勻混合,有的沿土壤孔隙以菌絲或皮膜狀的白色析出物存在,有的形成硬結核,還有的在一定深度形成碳酸鹽積聚層。因此,石灰性土壤對磷有強烈的固定作用,因而土壤溶液中的磷濃度很低,且移動性很小。磷的移動性與土壤含水量有密切關系。而石灰性土壤處于降水較少的干旱及半干旱區(qū),磷向根表的擴散和根系的生長都因土壤含水量偏低而削弱。缺磷是我國大面積石灰性土壤多種植物生長的限制因子。土壤缺磷已成為這些地區(qū)作物生長的主要限制因素。僅靠傳統(tǒng)的改土施肥方法往往不能有效地解決土壤缺磷問題。本文從石灰性土壤無機磷細菌的分離,篩選入手。對山西晉中八個縣區(qū)的農(nóng)田、蔬菜大棚等地進行土樣采集,對采集的土樣進行細菌分離、篩選和鑒定,并通過查閱相關資料,對其中的細菌,酵母菌和霉菌等菌類做了詳細的了解,篩選出六株長勢較好和比較純的無機磷細菌四株有機磷細菌。然后對菌株進行了無機磷和有機磷溶解能力測定,染色和形態(tài)觀察,生理生化鑒定。根據(jù)形態(tài)觀察和生理生化反應以及細菌鑒定手冊,初步鑒定出兩株屬于假單胞菌屬,四株屬于芽孢桿菌屬。對無機磷細菌溶解磷能力的研究發(fā)現(xiàn):六株無機磷細菌中磷酸鈣的溶磷能力W5是六株中最大的,W12是最小的,溶磷能力在86.34~190.86mg/l之間;而對磷礦粉的溶磷能力差距不大,最大的是W12,最小的是W15,溶磷能力在3.75~20.79mg/l之間。六株無機磷細菌對有機磷也有一定的解磷能力,相差不大,遠不如對磷酸鈣的溶磷能力強。對蛋黃卵磷脂的解磷能力在5.79~28.97mg/l之間;對大豆卵磷脂的解磷能力在0.80~24.32mg/l之間。通過分離鑒定石灰性土壤中的無機磷細菌,篩選出解磷效果較好的菌株,以期為改變土壤缺磷狀態(tài),充分利用土壤中微生物磷提供理論和依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The species, ability and mechanism of phosphorus releasing bacteria in the rhizosphere of crops in calcareous soils of Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province were investigated. In order to provide a good strain for producing biophosphorus fertilizer with strong activity of soil phosphorolytic activity, phosphorus bacteria can be used to replace phosphate fertilizer in calcareous soil, the amount of phosphate fertilizer can be reduced, and crop yield will be increased. The purpose of reducing environmental pollution. Calcareous soil is a general term for soils containing calcareous substances such as calcium carbonate or calcium bicarbonate in its profile. The parent material of the soil is mostly loess sediment and limestone weathering material. The distribution of calcium carbonate in the profile, according to different soil forming conditions, is mixed evenly with the soil, and some exist along the soil pore as hyphae or white precipitates. Some form hard nodules, others form carbonate accumulations at a certain depth. Therefore, calcareous soils have a strong fixation on phosphorus, resulting in very low phosphorus concentrations in soil solutions. The mobility of phosphorus is closely related to soil water content, while calcareous soil is in arid and semi-arid areas with less precipitation. Phosphorus deficiency is the limiting factor for the growth of many plants in calcareous soils in China. Phosphorus deficiency has become the main limit of crop growth in these areas. In this paper, the problem of phosphorus deficiency in soil can not be effectively solved by traditional fertilization methods. This paper studies the separation of inorganic phosphorus bacteria from calcareous soil. Starting with screening. Soil samples were collected from farmland, vegetable shed and other places in eight counties in Jinzhong, Shanxi. Bacteria were isolated, screened and identified from the collected soil samples, and the bacteria among them were obtained by consulting relevant data. Four organophosphorus bacteria with better growth and purity were screened out, and the solubility of inorganic phosphorus and organophosphorus were measured, stained and observed. Physiological and biochemical identification. According to morphological observation, physiological and biochemical reactions and the manual of bacterial identification, two strains of Pseudomonas were preliminarily identified. Four strains belong to the genus Bacillus. It was found that the phosphate dissolution ability of calcium phosphate in the six inorganic phosphorus bacteria W5 was the smallest and the phosphorus solubilizing ability was between 86.34 and 190.86 mg / l in the six strains of inorganic phosphorus bacteria. However, the difference of phosphorus solubilization ability to phosphate rock powder is not big, the biggest is W12, the smallest is W15, and the ability of phosphorus solubilization is between 3.75 and 20.79 mg / l. The six inorganic phosphorus bacteria also have a certain ability to dissolve phosphorus on organic phosphorus, and the difference is not significant. The ability to dissolve phosphorus in egg yolk lecithin was between 5.79 and 28.97 mg / l, and for soybean lecithin was between 0.80 and 24.32 mg / l. The inorganic phosphorus bacteria in calcareous soil were isolated and identified. In order to change the status of phosphorus deficiency in soil and make full use of microbial phosphorus in soil, the strains with better phosphorus release effect were screened out in order to provide the theory and basis.
【學位授予單位】：西北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S154.3

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本文編號：1598114