本文選題：水稻　切入點：蟲酰肼　出處：《湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：本文研究了稻米、稻田水、土等樣品中蟲酰肼的殘留檢測方法；蟲酰肼制劑、標樣及其在稻米基質(zhì)中的穩(wěn)定性；蟲酰肼在三個省水稻及稻田環(huán)境中的消解動態(tài)和殘留規(guī)律,為蟲酰肼在水稻上的合理使用提供科學依據(jù)。主要結(jié)論如下：(1)建立了稻米、稻田水、土壤等樣品中蟲酰肼殘留量的高效液相色譜檢測方法。稻米、稻田水樣、稻田土壤、水稻植株(稻草)和稻殼中蟲酰肼的最低檢出濃度均為0.02 mg/kg(mg/L);分析樣品中蟲酰肼平均添加回收率為86.74%-108.00%；變異系數(shù)為0.41%-4.42%。該分析方法可用于我國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量監(jiān)測部門和環(huán)境監(jiān)測部門對稻米、稻田水、土等樣品中蟲酰肼的殘留量檢測。(2)4種劑型蟲酰肼商品農(nóng)藥啟封后,蟲酰肼的含量會隨存放時間的延長而降低。其穩(wěn)定性大致表現(xiàn)為20%蟲酰肼懸浮劑34%甲維·蟲酰肼可濕性粉劑25%甲維·蟲酰肼懸浮劑10.5%甲維·蟲酰肼乳油。建議常溫存放的4種蟲酰肼農(nóng)藥制劑在半年之內(nèi)用完；濃度為0.1mg/L、10 mg/L和100 mg/L的蟲酰肼標準溶液放在常溫和冷藏(4℃)條件下貯存,隨著貯存時間的延長,3種濃度蟲酰肼標準溶液中的蟲酰肼濃度均會降低,冷藏(4℃)條件下標準溶液的穩(wěn)定性比常溫條件下好,蟲酰肼高濃度標準溶液的穩(wěn)定性比低濃度標準溶液好。建議常溫下使用低濃度蟲酰肼標準溶液不要超過3 d,100 mg/L的蟲酰肼標準溶液低溫(4℃)冷貯時間不要超過1年；蟲酰肼添加濃度為0.2 mg/kg和2 mg/kg的稻米樣品放在常溫、冷藏(4℃)、冷凍(-20℃)條件下貯存,稻米樣品中蟲酰肼的殘留量隨貯存溫度的升高而降低,隨貯存時間的延長而降低。因此,作為食糧的大米,于常溫條件下貯存并適當延長貯存期,有利于大米中蟲酰肼殘留量的減少。但作為科研樣品的稻谷和大米,建議冷凍(-20℃)條件下的貯存時間不要超過2個月。(3)采用模擬試驗方法,2012和2013年研究了蟲酰肼在三個省稻田水、稻田土壤和水稻植株上的消解動態(tài),結(jié)果表明,蟲酰肼在稻田水、土壤和水稻植株上的消解符合一級化學反應(yīng)動力學方程：Ct=C0e-kt。蟲酰肼在稻田水、土壤和水稻植株中的消解半衰期分別為1.67-6.28 d、4.50-12.60 d和3.16-7.70 d。實驗結(jié)果表明,蟲酰肼屬于比較容易降解的農(nóng)藥。(4)20%蟲酰肼懸浮劑在水稻上的殘留試驗結(jié)果表明：在三個省的自然條件下,按照推薦的施藥量和施藥方法在水稻上施用20%蟲酰肼懸浮劑,最后一次施藥后14天以上收獲的稻米中蟲酰肼的最高殘留量為0.0219 mg/kg,低于我國規(guī)定的稻米中蟲酰肼最大允許殘留限量值(MRL值:2mg/kg)。(5)根據(jù)本文試驗研究結(jié)果,建議20%蟲酰肼懸浮劑在水稻上合理使用技術(shù)標準為：水稻生長期,用20%蟲酰肼懸浮劑150 g/hm2(有效成分蟲酰肼30g/hm2)兌水750 L/hm2噴霧施藥防治病蟲害,最多施藥2次(施藥間隔7天以上),安全間隔期為14天。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the methods for the determination of fenprohydrazide residues in rice, rice field water and soil, the preparation, standard sample and stability in rice substrates of rice, the dynamics and residues of fenprohydrazide in the environment of rice and paddy fields in three provinces were studied. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of fenproyl hydrazide residues in rice, paddy water, soil and other samples was established. The lowest detectable concentration of buproyl hydrazide in rice plant (rice straw) and rice husk is 0.02 mg / kg g / L, the average recovery rate of hydrazide in the analysis sample is 86.74 -108.00 and the coefficient of variation is 0.41-4.42. The method can be used in the quality monitoring department and ring of agricultural products in China. The Department of Environmental Monitoring on Rice, Determination of Tetrahydrazide residues in Paddy Water, soil and other samples. The content of fenproyl hydrazide will decrease with the prolonging of storage time. The stability of 20% butazide suspension agent 34% methyl-hydrazide wettable powder 25% methylethyl hydrazide suspension agent 10.5% methyl retinoic hydrazide emulsifiable oil is suggested. The four insecticide formulations stored at high temperature were used up within half a year. When the standard solution containing 0.1 mg / L ~ (10 mg/L) and 100 mg/L was stored at room temperature and 4 鈩，

本文編號：1596853