本文選題：烏裕爾河　切入點：遙感　出處：《東北林業(yè)大學》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：東北黑土區(qū)是我國主要的糧食生產(chǎn)區(qū)和重要的商品糧生產(chǎn)基地,對維護國家糧食生產(chǎn)安全具有舉足輕重的作用。長期以來,人類的過度開墾及不合理的耕作方式導致黑土區(qū)發(fā)生了非常嚴重的水土流失。東北黑土區(qū)侵蝕溝分布廣泛,水土流失損失巨大。侵蝕溝的發(fā)展不僅吞噬耕地,剝蝕表土,而且降低土壤肥力,影響糧食產(chǎn)量。3S技術(shù)的發(fā)展和應用為侵蝕溝的研究提供了方便、科學和高效準確的方法。為開展大尺度和較長時間序列的侵蝕溝定位和定量研究提供了方便條件。本研究利用RS及GIS技術(shù),依據(jù)烏裕爾河流域1965年、2005年及2012年三期高分辨率遙感影像,運用人工解譯和野外驗證相結(jié)合的方法提取侵蝕溝信息。由于侵蝕溝的解譯工作量大,環(huán)境條件復雜多變,需要多人協(xié)作完成。為了統(tǒng)一不同人員的解譯精度和質(zhì)量,得到相對真實、準確的結(jié)果,本研究建立侵蝕溝解譯標志,總結(jié)出解譯的相關(guān)經(jīng)驗,規(guī)范了侵蝕溝的提取方法和步驟,并對解譯結(jié)果進行實地核查,最終得到了能夠反映實際情況的侵蝕溝解譯成果。通過對相關(guān)自然環(huán)境要素進行數(shù)字化處理,分析三期土地利用數(shù)據(jù)、氣象數(shù)據(jù)、地形數(shù)據(jù)、土壤數(shù)據(jù)、地質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù)和侵蝕溝數(shù)量及分布數(shù)據(jù)。研究侵蝕溝的格局、演變過程與影響因素之間的相關(guān)關(guān)系,進行侵蝕溝風險評價與區(qū)劃,并提出侵蝕溝治理的緊迫性分級,取得成果如下：1、研究區(qū)內(nèi)1965年侵蝕溝2463條,2005年侵蝕溝11052條,2012年侵蝕溝12381條。經(jīng)過近50年的發(fā)展演變,2012年侵蝕溝數(shù)量是1965年的5.03倍。1965年的平均侵蝕溝裂度是620.36 m2/km2,2005年的平均侵蝕溝裂度是3718.49m2/km2,2012年的平均侵蝕溝裂度是4723.10 m2/km2。2012年平均侵蝕溝裂度是1965年的7.61倍。從侵蝕溝裂度的演變趨勢分析,1965年,研究區(qū)侵蝕溝比較分散,只是在中部、東南部略有集中;至2005年,侵蝕溝分布范圍不斷擴展,裂度的極值提高了2.79倍,侵蝕溝具有集中連片發(fā)展的趨勢;2012年,侵蝕溝裂度極值雖然有所降低,但是整體裂度值持續(xù)增加,侵蝕溝已經(jīng)形成集中連片的分布格局。2、研究區(qū)侵蝕溝的格局和發(fā)展受多種因素影響,主要影響因素為降雨因素、地形因素、土壤因素、地表覆被因素和人類活動因素。單項因素分析表明：侵蝕溝裂度的發(fā)展隨著降水侵蝕力的增加而增加；侵蝕溝裂度隨著坡度的增加而增加,當坡度為3-4°時侵蝕溝裂度達到最高,然后隨坡度的增加而逐漸降低；研究區(qū)內(nèi)侵蝕溝裂度在西坡和西南坡二個方向上最高；坡形的侵蝕溝裂度差異不明顯；研究區(qū)內(nèi)主要分布的四種土壤中,黑土和草甸土的侵蝕溝裂度較高；地質(zhì)分類中玄武巖和沖積巖地區(qū)侵蝕溝裂度最高：根據(jù)土地覆被要素即土地利用類型的不同來看,耕地毋庸置疑的成為侵蝕溝產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展的首要載體。1965年、2005年和2012年三期侵蝕溝裂度與各影響因素的相關(guān)性分析證明：本研究區(qū)域侵蝕溝裂度的首要影響因素為降水侵蝕力(R)。坡度、地質(zhì)、地表覆被因子(C)、地形濕度指數(shù)(TWI)、以及距居民點距離等因素也都與侵蝕溝裂度呈顯著相關(guān)性。而坡向和坡形因素與侵蝕溝裂度未呈現(xiàn)顯著相關(guān)性。從2005年到2012年侵蝕溝發(fā)展速度加快,侵蝕溝裂度值年均增長143.51m2/km2,需盡快開展有效治理措施。3、通過對各種侵蝕溝影響要素進行回歸分析,并對侵蝕溝發(fā)展具有顯著影響的主要因素進行疊加,制作出研究區(qū)的侵蝕溝風險分區(qū)圖。通過對2012年的侵蝕溝裂度進行分析,提出了研究區(qū)的侵蝕溝治理緊迫性,并對緊迫性進行了分級。4、本研究創(chuàng)新之處：在典型東北黑土區(qū)用三期遙感影像及解譯的侵蝕溝數(shù)據(jù),開展了近50年長時間序列的侵蝕溝發(fā)展、演變研究；通過疊加侵蝕溝發(fā)展主要影響因子的方法,對研究區(qū)進行了侵蝕溝風險分區(qū),并對未來研究區(qū)的侵蝕溝發(fā)展風險進行了區(qū)劃；基于侵蝕溝發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀進行了侵蝕溝治理的緊迫性分級,并形成了相應圖件。研究結(jié)果為流域內(nèi)侵蝕溝的治理提供了技術(shù)支持和科學依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The black soil region of Northeast China is a major grain production area in China and the important commodity grain production base, has an important role in safeguarding the national security of food production. For a long time, human excessive reclamation and farming methods caused by unreasonable black soil area happened serious soil erosion. Erosion in black soil region of Northeast China are widely distributed, soil erosion the loss is huge. The development of gully erosion not only consume arable land, reduce soil fertility and soil erosion, and provide a convenient effect on the development and application of.3S technology in grain yield as erosion ditch, scientific and efficient. The method provides convenient conditions for positioning and quantitative Study on erosion of large scale and long time series. This study uses RS and GIS technology, according to the 1965 Wuyuer River Basin, in 2005 and 2012 three high resolution remote sensing images, the use of artificial interpretation and field verification. The information extraction method of gully erosion gully. Due to the interpretation of the workload, the environment condition is complex and changeable, need many people to collaborate. In order to translation accuracy and quality of unified solutions of different personnel, are relatively real, accurate results, this study established the erosion gully interpretation signs, and sum up the experience and interpretation. Specification of the extraction method of gully erosion and steps, and field verification of the interpretation results obtained can reflect the actual situation of the erosion gully interpretation. Digital processing by elements of the natural environment, analysis of three land use data, meteorological data, terrain data, soil data, the number and distribution of data the geological data and the erosion gully. Study on gully erosion pattern, the relationship between the evolution process and the influence factors, erosion ditch and division of risk assessment, and put forward the urgency of the classification of erosion control, achieve The results are as follows: 1, the study area in 1965 2463 erosion gully erosion gully, 2005 11052, 2012 12381. Erosion after nearly 50 years of development and evolution, the number is the average 2012 erosion gully erosion gully in 1965 5.03 times.1965 year split is the average erosion ditch 620.36 m2/km22005 years is the average erosion intensity Gou 3718.49m2/km22012 years of fracture degree is 4723.10 m2/km2.2012 average annual erosion intensity is 7.61 times that of 1965. From the analysis of erosion ditch crack, the evolution trend of 1965, the study area of erosion gully scattered, just in the middle, Southeast slightly concentrated; to 2005, the distribution range of gully erosion continues to expand, the extreme intensity increase 2.79 times, has concentrated erosion gully development trend; in 2012, erosion intensity extreme value althoughdecrease, but the overall intensity value continued to increase, erosion ditch has formed a distribution pattern of.2 concentrated the study area The pattern and development of gully erosion is affected by many factors, the main factors affecting the rainfall, topography, soil, land cover and human activity factors. Single factor analysis showed that the degree of erosion of fissure development increased with the increase of rainfall erosivity; erosion degree of fissure along with the slope increases when the slope is 3-4 degrees, the highest degree of erosion ditch crack, and then gradually decreased with the increase of slope and gully erosion in the study area; split in two directions in the west slope and the southwestern slope of the highest erosion gully slope shape; split the difference is not obvious; the research of four kinds of soil in the area is mainly distributed in the the black soil and meadow soil erosion gully, the crack is relatively high; geological classification of basalt and alluvial rock fissure erosion area: according to the highest degree of land cover elements of land use types, farmland undoubtedly become erosion gully production And the development of the main carrier of.1965, 2005 and 2012 three gully fracture degree and the influence factors of correlation analysis show that: the study area of erosion gully primary factors of crack for rainfall erosivity (R). The slope, geology, land cover factor (C), Topographic Wetness Index (TWI). And distance to residential area and other factors are also erosion and fissure degree was significantly correlated. While the slope and slope erosion factors and fissure degree did not show significant correlation. From 2005 to 2012, the gully development speed, erosion intensity value of average annual growth of 143.51m2/km2, takes effective measures to carry out.3 regression as soon as possible. Through the analysis of influence factors of erosion gully erosion gully, and the main factors of the development has a significant impact on the stack, making the study area erosion risk maps. By 2012 the fracture degree of erosion gully is analyzed, put forward the research The urgency of the erosion control area, and the urgency of the classification of.4, the innovation of this research: three remote sensing images and interpretation of gully erosion data in typical black soil region of Northeast China, the erosion gully development, nearly 50 older time series evolution research; through superposition method the main influence factors of erosion gully development the study area the gully erosion risk zoning, and the risk of future development of gully studied area zoning; the current situation of the development of gully erosion were carried out based on the urgency of classification of erosion control, and the formation of the corresponding maps. The research results provide technical support and scientific basis for the management of the gully watershed.

【學位授予單位】：東北林業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S157.1

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前8條

1 楊勤科;趙牡丹;劉詠梅;郭偉玲;王雷;李銳;;DEM與區(qū)域土壤侵蝕地形因子研究[J];地理信息世界;2009年01期

2 王文娟;張樹文;李穎;卜坤;;近50年三江平原土地利用/覆被變化及土壤侵蝕分析[J];中國科學院研究生院學報;2008年04期

3 張俊飚;中國土壤侵蝕影響因素及其危害分析[J];云南環(huán)境科學;2001年02期

4 張憲奎,許靖華,盧秀琴,鄧育江,高德武;黑龍江省土壤流失方程的研究[J];水土保持通報;1992年04期

5 張信寶,汪陽春,李少龍,張一云,趙慶昌,蔣錦江,白立新,嚴美瓊,吳麗萍;蔣家溝流域土壤侵蝕及泥石流細粒物質(zhì)來源的~(137)Cs法初步研究[J];中國水土保持;1992年02期

6 江忠善;劉志;賈志偉;;地形因素與坡地水土流失關(guān)系的研究[J];中國科學院水利部西北水土保持研究所集刊(黃土高原試驗區(qū)土壤侵蝕和綜合治理減沙效益研究專集);1990年02期

7 張宗祜;;我國黃土高原區(qū)域地質(zhì)地貌特征及現(xiàn)代侵蝕作用[J];地質(zhì)學報;1981年04期

8 朱顯謨;黃土區(qū)土壤侵蝕的分類[J];土壤學報;1956年02期

相關(guān)博士學位論文 前2條

1 秦焱;吉林省黑土肥力質(zhì)量評價及結(jié)構(gòu)退化機理研究[D];吉林大學;2007年

2 周江紅;小流域水土流失綜合治理現(xiàn)代化管理模式的研究[D];東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學;2004年

，

本文編號：1592445