本文選題：海南　切入點(diǎn)：橡膠樹　出處：《海南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：海南橡膠種植面積和干膠產(chǎn)量均占全國(guó)50%左右。近年來相關(guān)報(bào)道顯示海南膠園土壤肥力逐年下降,嚴(yán)重制約了橡膠增產(chǎn)。海南屬熱帶季風(fēng)性氣候,降雨量大且集中,磚紅壤風(fēng)化作用極為強(qiáng)烈,陽離子交換量和鹽基飽和度低,滲透性強(qiáng),致使養(yǎng)分淋失作用強(qiáng),肥料利用率低,肥料損失嚴(yán)重。另外,海南降雨量時(shí)間和空間差異大,通常春旱,導(dǎo)致橡膠樹生長(zhǎng)旺季肥、水不同步。 本研究通過利用混合造粒和化學(xué)聚合工藝將肥料與保水材料復(fù)合到一起,研制新型保水緩釋肥料,并對(duì)其相關(guān)性能及在磚紅壤上的模擬施用效果進(jìn)行測(cè)試。旨在為研制適宜在橡膠生產(chǎn)上推廣應(yīng)用的保水緩釋肥料提供參考,以期通過發(fā)揮水肥的協(xié)同效應(yīng),提高磚紅壤地區(qū)肥料利用率,改善海南橡膠生產(chǎn)中水肥不同步的狀況。初步結(jié)果如下： 1.以丙烯酸、尿素等為原料通過化學(xué)聚合反應(yīng)制備的新型保水緩釋氮肥(WSRNF)有良好的吸水、保水能力和重復(fù)吸水性。在自來水中的吸水倍率為167.17g·g-1,重復(fù)吸水倍率為137.52g·g-1,在水土比1：5、1：10和1：20的磚紅壤浸提液中分別能達(dá)到其在自來水中吸水倍率的62.60%、73.54%和86.97%。且具有較快的吸液速度,在室溫、40℃、60℃的條件下都具有良好的保水性能。通過FTIR分析闡明了WSRNF吸水保水和養(yǎng)分緩釋效應(yīng)的化學(xué)機(jī)制。TG-DTA分析證實(shí)了WSRNF充分吸水溶脹后樣品中所含平衡含水量為99.43%,其中自由水和可凍結(jié)束縛水含量占98.47%,而結(jié)合水含量?jī)H占0.96%。自由水和可凍結(jié)束縛水可供植物生長(zhǎng)利用。在磚紅壤中加入少量WSRNF的便能顯著提升磚紅壤最大持水率,降低磚紅壤水分蒸發(fā)率,提高水分利用率。隨著WSRNF施用量的增加,磚紅壤的最大持水率逐漸增大。WSRNF施用量分別為0、0.5%、1%和2%時(shí),磚紅壤的最大持水率分別為39.74%、63.46%、70.63%和79.42%。WSRNF在磚紅壤中有良好的緩釋性能,磚紅壤培養(yǎng)土柱淋溶過程中氮素累積釋放量隨淋溶次數(shù)的增加逐漸增加,培養(yǎng)28d淋溶7次后氮素累積釋放率為94.35%。 2.通過添加三種不同保水材料制備的新型保水緩釋復(fù)混肥料A、B、C在磚紅壤中均具有良好的養(yǎng)分緩釋效果。三者在磚紅壤中的養(yǎng)分緩釋效果C最優(yōu),B次之,A略差。所制備的三種新型保水緩釋復(fù)混肥料不僅在磚紅壤中有良好的緩釋效果,而且還可以有效提高磚紅壤的持水和保水能力。三種保水緩釋肥料對(duì)磚紅壤最大持水率的提升和對(duì)磚紅壤水分蒸發(fā)抑制效果均隨著它們施用量的增加而增強(qiáng),且C的效果最佳,B次之,A略差。 模擬試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,本試驗(yàn)研制的橡膠樹新型保水緩釋肥料具有良好的保水緩釋效果,但實(shí)際應(yīng)用效果還須通過大田試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。
[Abstract]:Hainan rubber planting area and dry rubber yield account for about 50% in the whole country. In recent years, the soil fertility of Hainan rubber garden has declined year by year, which has seriously restricted the increase of rubber production. Hainan is a tropical monsoon climate with heavy rainfall and concentrated rainfall. The weathering of latosol is extremely strong, the cation exchange capacity and base saturation are low, the permeability is strong, the nutrient leaching is strong, the fertilizer utilization ratio is low, and the fertilizer loss is serious. Lead to rubber tree growth season fertilizer, water is not synchronized. In this study, a new type of water-retaining and slow-release fertilizer was developed by using mixed granulation and chemical polymerization process to compound fertilizer with water-retaining material. The related properties and simulated application effect on latosol were tested in order to provide a reference for the development of water-preserving slow-release fertilizer suitable for rubber production, so as to give full play to the synergistic effect of water and fertilizer. The results are as follows: (1) increasing fertilizer utilization rate in latosol area and improving the condition of water and fertilizer in Hainan rubber production are as follows:. 1. A new type of water-preserving slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, WSRNFS, which was prepared by chemical polymerization with acrylic acid and urea as raw materials, has good water absorption. The absorbency and repeated water absorption in tap water are 167.17g 路g-1and 137.52g 路g-1.The ratio of water and soil to water is 1: 5: 1: 10 and 1:20, which can reach 62.6073.54% and 86.97% of the absorbency in tap water, respectively. All of them have good water retention properties at room temperature of 40 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1589457