本文選題：麥秸　切入點(diǎn)：稻秸　出處：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：秸稈是農(nóng)作物收獲后留下的固體殘余物,包括作物莖稈、葉,麥子還包括zB殼、穗芒等。我國(guó)每年農(nóng)業(yè)秸稈產(chǎn)量達(dá)7億多噸,其中稻麥秸稈占近50%,是農(nóng)業(yè)秸稈的最主要來(lái)源。農(nóng)業(yè)秸稈的主要組分為木質(zhì)纖維素,其資源化技術(shù)包括堆肥、飼料、工業(yè)原料、基料等等。近年來(lái),隨著農(nóng)村清潔能源的短缺和秸稈處理問(wèn)題的日趨突出,秸稈沼氣化利用同時(shí)解決了以上兩個(gè)問(wèn)題,是秸稈資源化利用的重要途徑之一。目前對(duì)秸稈沼氣化利用的研究很多,但大多集中于原料預(yù)處理、發(fā)酵工藝優(yōu)化等方面,對(duì)秸稈不同器官產(chǎn)量、理化特性及產(chǎn)氣潛力以及地上部不同高度秸稈殘?bào)w產(chǎn)氣特性的研究還未見(jiàn)報(bào)道。這對(duì)指導(dǎo)秸稈收集方式有重要意義,如留茬高度、秸稈收集部位等。隨著秸稈收集、粉碎或研磨、分離等技術(shù)進(jìn)步,可以將秸稈分成不同部分,為充分發(fā)揮秸稈不同器官利用潛力,本文以稻麥秸稈為原料,研究了稻麥秸稈不同器官和地上部不同高度秸稈的理化特性、產(chǎn)量及厭氧發(fā)酵產(chǎn)氣特性。按照zB殼、穗芒、莖、葉和秸稈地上部0-10cm、10-20cm、20-30cm、30cm的方式把三個(gè)品種小麥和水稻秸稈人工分成不同部分,測(cè)定各部位的TS、VS、C、N、有機(jī)質(zhì)、冷水和熱水抽出物含量、三素含量等。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果如下:三個(gè)不同品種小麥秸稈不同器官及不同部位的產(chǎn)氣潛力結(jié)果如下:徐麥30不同器官中產(chǎn)氣潛力最大部位為葉,TS產(chǎn)氣量為341.2mL/g,平均甲烷體積分?jǐn)?shù)為53.89%。不同高度的秸稈產(chǎn)氣潛力存在顯著差異,產(chǎn)氣潛力最好的部位是地上部30cm的部分,TS產(chǎn)氣量311.45mL/g,平均甲烷體積分?jǐn)?shù)為58.06%。徐麥33不同器官中產(chǎn)氣潛力最大部位是莖,TS產(chǎn)氣量為386.63mL/g,平均甲烷體積分?jǐn)?shù)為52.1%。不同高度的秸稈產(chǎn)氣潛力最好的部位是地上部20-30cm部分,TS產(chǎn)氣量為327.6mL/g,平均甲烷體積分?jǐn)?shù)為54.38%。保麥1082不同器官中產(chǎn)氣潛力最大部位為莖,TS產(chǎn)氣量364.25mL/g,平均甲烷分?jǐn)?shù)為56.03%。不同高度的秸稈產(chǎn)氣潛力最好的部位是10-20cm高度,TS產(chǎn)氣量為334.58mL/g,平均甲烷百分?jǐn)?shù)為57.37%。3種小麥秸稈不同器官最大產(chǎn)氣潛力值間無(wú)明顯差異,徐麥33的莖比徐麥30的葉高13.31%,比保麥1082的莖高6.14%。3個(gè)品種小麥秸稈不同高度產(chǎn)氣潛力的最大值間無(wú)明顯差異。3個(gè)品種水稻秸稈不同器官產(chǎn)沼氣潛力的結(jié)果如下:按器官分,水稻秸稈莖的產(chǎn)氣潛力最大,其中南粳44、南粳45、揚(yáng)稻6號(hào)TS產(chǎn)氣量分別為325.87mL/g、322.7mL/g、345.9mL/g,平均甲烷體積分?jǐn)?shù)分別為62.6%、63.2%、62.5%。稻秸不同高度產(chǎn)氣的結(jié)果顯示,南粳44地上30cm以上部分的秸稈產(chǎn)氣潛力最大,TS產(chǎn)氣量為322.1mL/g,平均甲烷體積分?jǐn)?shù)為54.9%。南粳45地上部10-20cm部位的產(chǎn)氣潛力最大,TS產(chǎn)氣量為268.2mL/g,平均甲烷體積分?jǐn)?shù)為60.76%。揚(yáng)稻6號(hào)地上部20-30cm部位的產(chǎn)氣潛力最大,TS產(chǎn)氣量為319.5mL/g,平均甲烷體積分?jǐn)?shù)為61.47%。各水稻品種中,莖、葉產(chǎn)氣量差別明顯,不同高度的秸稈產(chǎn)氣潛力差異顯著。不同品種水稻的莖的產(chǎn)氣潛力差異不大。水稻莖、葉器官的最大產(chǎn)氣潛力低于小麥。將不同組織器官秸桿產(chǎn)氣潛力與其化學(xué)組成做相關(guān)分析,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)氣潛力大的部位其對(duì)應(yīng)的有機(jī)質(zhì)含量也較高,三素中滿(mǎn)足其中至少一種狀況:纖維素含量最高或較高,半纖維素含量最高或較高,抑或木質(zhì)素含量最低或較低。
[Abstract]:Straw is a solid residue left after harvesting crops, including crop stalk, leaf, wheat also includes zB shell, panicle awn. China's annual agricultural straw production reached more than 700 million tons, which accounted for nearly 50% of rice and wheat straw, is the main source of agricultural straw. The main agricultural straw into the lignocellulose. Resource technology including composting, feed, industrial raw materials, base material and so on. In recent years, with the shortage and straw processing of renewable energy in rural areas have become increasingly prominent, straw biogas utilization and solves the above two problems, is one of the important ways of straw resource utilization. The research on straw biogas utilization of many. But most of them are focused on the pretreatment of raw materials, fermentation process optimization of different organs, yield of straw on the upper part of the physicochemical characteristics and potential gas production and different height of straw residue gas production characteristics of this has not been reported. There is an important guiding significance of straw collection methods, such as stubble height, straw collection site. With the straw collection, crushing or grinding, separation technology, can be divided into different parts of straw, straw to make full use of different organs use potential, taking wheat straw as raw material, studied the physicochemical properties of rice and wheat straw organ and shoot height of different straw, biogas production yield and anaerobic fermentation characteristics. In accordance with the zB shell, panicle awn, stem, leaf and stalk of upper 0-10cm, 10-20cm, 20-30cm, 30cm, the three varieties of wheat and rice straw was divided into different parts, each part of the determination of TS, VS, C. N, organic matter, cold water and hot water extractives, three content. The results are as follows: three different varieties of wheat straw in different organs and different parts of the potential gas production results are as follows: xumai 30 middle gas potential in different organs of the largest position for the leaf, TS The gas is 341.2mL/g, the average volume fraction of methane as the significant difference between straw biogas potential 53.89%. of different height, the potential gas production site is the best part of the 30cm, the TS 311.45mL/g gas production, the average methane volume fraction of 58.06%. in different organs of xumai 33 middle gas potential is the largest part of the stem, TS gas production was 386.63mL/g the average volume fraction of methane, straw gas production potential of 52.1%. with different height is the best part of the 20-30cm part, TS gas production is 327.6mL/g, the average volume fraction of methane is 54.38%. Baomai 1082 different organs of middle gas potential of the largest part of stem, TS 364.25mL/g gas production, the average methane fraction of straw gas potential of different height 56.03%. the best part is the height of 10-20cm, TS gas production is 334.58mL/g, the average methane percentage 57.37%.3 of wheat straw in different organs of maximum potential gas production value of no significant difference ISO, xumai 33 xumai 30 leaf stem ratio is 13.31% higher than the 1082 Baomai, different varieties of wheat straw stem high 6.14%.3 high gas potential maximum no obvious difference between.3 varieties in different organs of rice straw biogas production potential results are as follows: according to the organ, the maximum gas production of rice straw stem one potential, Nanjing 44, Nanjing 45 and Yangdao 6 TS gas production were 325.87mL/g, 322.7mL/g, 345.9mL/g, the average volume fraction of methane was 62.6% and 63.2% respectively, the 62.5%. of rice straw with different height of gas production results show that the maximum 30cm part of the straw gas potential Nanjing 44 floor, TS the gas is 322.1mL/g, the average volume fraction of methane to the maximum 54.9%. Nanjing 45 10-20cm above ground parts of the potential gas production, gas production of TS is 268.2mL/g, the average volume fraction of methane to the maximum 60.76%. Yangdao 6 shoot 20-30cm parts of the potential gas production, TS gas production capacity of 319.5mL/g, flat All the methane volume fraction is 61.47%. rice, stem, leaf production rate differences, different height of the straw gas potential significantly. Potential gas production in different cultivars of rice stem. Rice stems, leaf maximum potential gas production was lower than that of wheat. The different organs of straw and chemical potential gas production which do correlation analysis results showed that the content of organic matter and its corresponding gas production potential of the site is also high, three elements meet at least one condition: the highest content of cellulose or hemicellulose content is higher, the highest or higher, or the lowest lignin content or lower.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X712;S216.4

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