本文選題：土壤　切入點(diǎn)：侵蝕　出處：《農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報(bào)》2017年11期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：淺溝形態(tài)特征是建立陡坡地坡面淺溝侵蝕預(yù)報(bào)模型的基礎(chǔ)。為了定量研究黃土陡坡地淺溝形態(tài)特征,在長(zhǎng)8 m、寬2 m、深0.6 cm的試驗(yàn)土槽上制作了雛形淺溝,設(shè)計(jì)了2個(gè)降雨強(qiáng)度(50、100 mm/h)和3個(gè)淺溝發(fā)生的典型坡度(15°、20°、25°),利用模擬降雨和徑流沖刷(10 L/min)相結(jié)合的試驗(yàn)方法定量分析了黃土陡坡地的淺溝形態(tài)特征。結(jié)果表明:降雨強(qiáng)度和坡度的增加均加快了坡面淺溝侵蝕過(guò)程并使淺溝溝槽寬度和深度不斷增加,25°和100 mm/h降雨強(qiáng)度下的淺溝溝槽平均寬度和深度比15°和50 mm/h降雨強(qiáng)度下的分別增加1.40和0.61倍。根據(jù)測(cè)針板法得到的3 cm×10 cm精度的地表高程值數(shù)據(jù),在Surfer軟件中生成不同試驗(yàn)處理下的地面數(shù)字高程模型(DEM,digital elevation model)及水流流路圖等,發(fā)現(xiàn)坡度的增加使兩側(cè)坡面細(xì)溝匯入淺溝溝槽的坡長(zhǎng)增大,而降雨強(qiáng)度的增加則導(dǎo)致淺溝溝槽兩側(cè)坡面細(xì)溝匯入淺溝溝槽的坡長(zhǎng)縮短,同時(shí),溝道密度、地面割裂度和淺溝復(fù)雜度均隨著降雨強(qiáng)度和坡度的增加而呈現(xiàn)增大的趨勢(shì),三者分別變化于0.74~1.48 m/m2、0.13~0.29和1.64~2.84之間,而不同降雨強(qiáng)度和坡度條件下淺溝溝槽寬深比變化于0.65~1.27之間。基于不同試驗(yàn)處理下的DEM,根據(jù)相鄰格網(wǎng)關(guān)系在水平方向上計(jì)算方向?qū)?shù)后發(fā)現(xiàn),方向?qū)?shù)格網(wǎng)等值線圖可以有效地反映坡面淺溝和細(xì)溝的長(zhǎng)度、表面積及侵蝕最嚴(yán)重的淺溝溝底位置。
[Abstract]:Morphological characteristics of shallow gully is based on steep slope shallow gully erosion prediction model. To quantitatively study the loess steep slope of ephemeral gully morphology, in 8 m long, 2 m wide and 0.6 cm deep groove soil test is made on the prototype shallow trench, designed 2 rainfall intensity (50100 mm/h) and typical slope 3 A shallow trench occurred (15 degrees, 20 degrees, 25 degrees), using the simulated rainfall and runoff scouring (10 L/min) quantitative test method of combining the morphological characteristics of shallow gully loess steep slope land. The results show that the increase of rainfall intensity and slope were accelerated shallow gully erosion process and shallow gully width and depth increasing, 25 degrees and 100 mm/h rainfall intensity under shallow gully average width and depth of the 1.40 and 0.61 times respectively more than 15 degrees and 50 mm/h rainfall intensity. According to the surface elevation measuring needle plate method 3 cm * 10 cm the accuracy of the data generated in the Surfer software in The digital elevation model under different treatments (DEM, digital elevation model) and the flow diagram, found that the increase of slope on both sides of the rill into the shallow gully slope length increases, and the increase of rainfall intensity in shallow gully sides of rill into the shallow gully slope length is shortened, at the same time, ditch road density, ground lacerative degree and gully complexity increased with rainfall intensity and slope shows the tendency of increase, three were between 0.74~1.48 m/m2,0.13~0.29 and 1.64~2.84 changes, and different rainfall intensity and slope conditions of shallow gully width to depth ratio changes between 0.65~1.27 under different treatments. Based on DEM, according to the relationship between adjacent grid computing directionalderivatives in the horizontal direction after the discovery, the directional derivative contour map grid can effectively reflect the shallow gully and rill length, surface area and the most serious erosion The position of the heavy shallow gully bottom.

【作者單位】： 西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)水土保持研究所黃土高原土壤侵蝕與旱地農(nóng)業(yè)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;中國(guó)科學(xué)院水利部水土保持研究所;沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)水利學(xué)院;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(41271299) 水利部黃土高原水土流失過(guò)程與控制重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室開(kāi)放課題基金項(xiàng)目(2017001) 黃土高原土壤侵蝕與旱地農(nóng)業(yè)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室重要方向創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目(A314021403-C2)
【分類號(hào)】：S157.1

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 鄭粉莉;徐錫蒙;覃超;;溝蝕過(guò)程研究進(jìn)展[J];農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào);2016年08期

2 郭明明;王文龍;李建明;朱寶才;史倩華;康宏亮;李艷富;李W毩，

本文編號(hào)：1588248