本文選題：氮肥用量　切入點(diǎn)：土壤質(zhì)地　出處：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：長江流域是我國重要的糧食產(chǎn)地,其中水旱輪作是該地區(qū)重要的輪作制度。常年的水旱輪作、不同的氮肥施用量以及土壤質(zhì)地同影響農(nóng)田土壤的氮素供應(yīng)能力,進(jìn)而影響著糧食的產(chǎn)量。本文通過田間定位實(shí)驗(yàn)和室內(nèi)培養(yǎng)試驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的方式展開研究:在田間試驗(yàn)中,研究了不同輪作體系和施用氮肥對(duì)農(nóng)田土壤全氮及有機(jī)氮庫組分的影響;在室內(nèi)培養(yǎng)試驗(yàn)中,模擬田間試驗(yàn)研究了不同輪作體系、氮肥施用以及土壤質(zhì)地對(duì)土壤溶解性氮庫、有機(jī)氮庫及其相互轉(zhuǎn)化的影響。通過對(duì)土壤氮素組分濃度的監(jiān)測(cè),該研究明確了在水旱輪作體系中氮肥施用后土壤有機(jī)氮組分的轉(zhuǎn)化過程。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果如下:(1)田間試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)表明,氮肥施用能顯著提高土壤全氮含量。與初始土壤全氮含量相比,經(jīng)過3年6季耕作后水稻-油菜和棉花-油菜兩種輪作模式下土壤全氮含量分別增加了16.80%-24.97%和13.57%-23.50%。盡管兩種輪作方式下土壤全氮含量并無顯著差異,但水旱輪作體系土壤全氮儲(chǔ)量的年增漲速率顯著高于旱地輪作。氮肥和輪作方式對(duì)土壤有機(jī)氮庫各組分的影響不同,氮肥施用顯著增加土壤酸解銨態(tài)氮、氨基酸態(tài)氮以及酸解未知態(tài)氮的濃度;而相比旱地輪作,水旱輪作則顯著增加土壤氨基糖態(tài)氮的濃度。(2)室內(nèi)培養(yǎng)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,氮肥施用能明顯提高土壤無機(jī)氮濃度。在水旱輪作體系下,與不施氮處理相比,氮肥施用在水改旱處理中,土壤銨態(tài)氮先增加后降低,而硝態(tài)氮沒有顯著變化,而對(duì)土壤有機(jī)氮轉(zhuǎn)化影響較小;在旱改水處理中,土壤銨態(tài)氮沒有顯著變化。與模擬旱地處理相比,會(huì)促進(jìn)土壤有機(jī)氮向氨基糖態(tài)氮和酸解氨態(tài)氮轉(zhuǎn)化。在不實(shí)施水旱輪作下(淹水或者旱地),與不施氮處理相比,模擬淹水處理氮肥施用增加了土壤酸解銨態(tài)氮和氨基糖態(tài)氮的濃度,施用的氮肥優(yōu)先轉(zhuǎn)化為酸解銨態(tài)氮,進(jìn)而再轉(zhuǎn)化為氨基糖態(tài)氮和酸解未知態(tài)氮;而模擬旱地處理氮肥施用會(huì)增加土壤氨基酸態(tài)氮濃度,氮肥施用則優(yōu)先轉(zhuǎn)化為氨基酸態(tài)氮,進(jìn)而再轉(zhuǎn)化為酸解未知態(tài)氮。(3)土壤質(zhì)地的差異對(duì)不同水分條件下土壤氮素轉(zhuǎn)化產(chǎn)生顯著影響。砂土及粉砂質(zhì)粘壤土酸解銨態(tài)氮濃度對(duì)氮肥的響應(yīng)主要是受到水分影響。在淹水條件下,與不施氮處理相比,施用氮肥對(duì)粘壤土酸解銨提升最為顯著。在旱改水處理下,氮肥施用顯著降低砂土及粘壤土酸解銨態(tài)氮濃度。在旱地條件下,氮肥施用顯著增加粘壤土氨基酸態(tài)氮濃度,而粉砂質(zhì)粘壤土氨基酸態(tài)氮濃度降低了80 mg/kg-100 mg/kg,砂土降低了20 mg/kg-40 mg/kg。長期培養(yǎng)發(fā)現(xiàn),氮肥施用后不同土壤氨基酸態(tài)氮均會(huì)降低,而酸解未知態(tài)氮濃度會(huì)進(jìn)一步提高。
[Abstract]:The Yangtze River valley is an important grain producing area in China, in which the rotation of water and drought is an important rotation system in this area. Then the grain yield was affected. In this paper, the research was carried out by the combination of field location experiment and indoor culture experiment: in the field experiment, The effects of different rotation systems and application of nitrogen fertilizer on total nitrogen and organic nitrogen pool components in farmland soil were studied, and simulated field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different rotation systems, nitrogen application and soil texture on the dissolved nitrogen pool of soil. By monitoring the concentration of soil nitrogen components, the transformation process of soil organic nitrogen components after the application of nitrogen fertilizer in flood and drought rotation system was clarified. The results were as follows: 1) the field experiment data showed that, Compared with the initial soil total nitrogen content, nitrogen application could significantly increase soil total nitrogen content. After 3 years and 6 seasons tillage, the soil total nitrogen content increased by 16.80 -24.97% and 13.57-23.50%, respectively, under the two rotation patterns, although there was no significant difference in soil total nitrogen content between the two rotation modes. However, the annual increase rate of soil total nitrogen storage in paddy and dry cropping system was significantly higher than that in dryland rotation. The effects of nitrogen fertilizer and rotation on the components of soil organic nitrogen pool were different, and the application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased soil ammonium acidolysis nitrogen. The concentration of amino acid nitrogen and acidolysis unknown nitrogen, and the concentration of soil aminosaccharide nitrogen increased significantly compared with dryland rotation. Application of nitrogen fertilizer could obviously increase the concentration of inorganic nitrogen in soil. Compared with the treatment without nitrogen application, the ammonium nitrogen of soil increased first and then decreased, but no significant change of nitrate nitrogen was observed. But it has little effect on soil organic nitrogen transformation, and there is no significant change of soil ammonium nitrogen in dry water treatment, compared with simulated dry land treatment, It can promote the conversion of soil organic nitrogen to aminosaccharide nitrogen and acidifying ammonia nitrogen. In the absence of irrigation and drought rotation (flooding or dry land), compared with no nitrogen application, Simulated flooding treatment increased the concentration of ammonium and aminosaccharide nitrogen in soil, and the nitrogen fertilizer was first converted to ammonium acid nitrogen, and then to aminosaccharide nitrogen and unknown amino nitrogen. However, nitrogen fertilizer application in simulated dry land could increase the concentration of amino acid nitrogen in soil, and the nitrogen fertilizer would be preferentially converted to amino acid nitrogen. The difference of soil texture has a significant effect on soil nitrogen conversion under different water conditions. The response of the concentration of ammonium ammonium to nitrogen fertilizer in sandy soil and silty loam soil is mainly affected by water. Effects... Under flooded conditions, Compared with the treatment without nitrogen application, the application of nitrogen fertilizer had the most significant effect on the increase of ammonium acid in clay loam soil. Under dry water treatment, nitrogen fertilizer application significantly decreased the concentration of ammonium ammonium acid in sandy soil and clay loam soil. Under dry land condition, the concentration of ammonium acidolysis ammonium in sandy soil and clay loam was significantly decreased. Nitrogen fertilizer application significantly increased amino acid nitrogen concentration in clay loam soil, but decreased amino acid nitrogen concentration in silty clay loam soil by 80 mg/kg-100 mg / kg and sand soil by 20 mg/kg-40 mg / kg. However, the concentration of unknown nitrogen in acidolysis will be further increased.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S153.6;S344.17

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