本文選題：肥料　切入點(diǎn)：不溶性鉀礦　出處：《貴州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：鉀資源總量約為11.95億噸,鉀鹽儲量為4.57億噸,僅占世界的2.6%,依據(jù)水溶性,鉀資源可分為水溶性鉀鹽資源和不溶性含鉀礦物,水溶性含鉀資源在我國儲量非常少,但是不溶性鉀礦資源卻十分豐富,其儲量大于1000億噸。盡管不溶性鉀礦資源儲量巨大,由于技術(shù)和成本問題,不溶性鉀礦資源未能很好地被開發(fā)利用,因此研究含鉀巖石中鉀的提取新技術(shù)是加快綜合開發(fā)利用難溶性含鉀巖石的關(guān)鍵。煤矸石是采煤過程中排放的固體廢棄物,其大量堆積嚴(yán)重污染周圍環(huán)境,但它含有作物生長所必需元素,把它摻雜于鉀礦中營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)全面。因此,本文利用細(xì)菌作用于鉀礦與煤矸石摻雜物,將摻雜礦物中不溶性氮、磷、鉀轉(zhuǎn)化為可被作物吸收利用的堿解氮、有效磷和速效鉀制備微生物復(fù)合肥料,既能提高鉀礦利用率,緩解我國肥料短缺,又能使煤矸石資源化再利用,降低煤矸石對污染的環(huán)境。對實(shí)驗(yàn)所用鉀礦和煤矸石進(jìn)行了礦物成分含量測定,以及巨大芽孢桿菌(ACCC10011)和硅酸鹽細(xì)菌(GY03)的理化性質(zhì)進(jìn)行測試,結(jié)果顯示本實(shí)驗(yàn)方法是可行的。本論文探究了在鉀礦與煤矸石粒徑、鉀礦與煤矸石比例、體系干濕條件、接菌量、體系pH、培養(yǎng)時(shí)間、振蕩等因素下巨大芽孢桿菌(ACCC10011)和硅酸鹽細(xì)菌(GY03)分別處理鉀礦與煤矸石摻雜物制備肥料的效果,以及兩種細(xì)菌混合處理煤矸石與鉀礦摻雜物制備肥料的效果,根據(jù)單因素實(shí)驗(yàn)探索出的最優(yōu)條件,設(shè)計(jì)正交實(shí)驗(yàn),以培養(yǎng)時(shí)間、鉀礦與煤矸石比例、接菌量、pH、目數(shù)等影響較大的因素作為考察,采用L16(4)5正交表進(jìn)行正交試驗(yàn),確定制備肥料的最佳條件。研究結(jié)果顯示:在最佳條件為兩礦目數(shù)均為過200目,鉀礦與煤矸石比例為3:1,接菌量為40.00ml,即9.2×1014-2.32×1015cfu/g,pH為6.0左右,培養(yǎng)時(shí)間為4天的條件下,利用巨大芽孢桿菌(ACCC10011)處理礦物制備的肥料速效鉀、有效磷、堿解氮含量分別為1200 mg·kg-1、27.81 mg·kg-1、263.34mg·kg-1,其各成分的含量與原鉀礦和煤矸石摻雜物相比含量提高1.94倍、21.90倍、10.55倍;在最佳條件為兩礦目數(shù)均為過200目,鉀礦與煤矸石比例為4:1,接菌量為35.00ml,即3.92×1015-3.96×1016cfu/g,pH為7.0左右,培養(yǎng)時(shí)間為12天的條件下,利用硅酸鹽細(xì)菌(GY03)處理礦物制備的肥料速效鉀、有效磷、堿解氮含量分別為800 mg?kg-1、44.06 mg?kg-1、63.76 mg?kg-1,其各成分的含量與原鉀礦和煤矸石摻雜物相比含量提高1.29倍、37.66倍、2.30倍;在最佳條件為兩礦目數(shù)均為過200目,鉀礦與煤矸石比例為4:1,接菌量為45.00ml,即8.28×1014-1.18×1016cfu/g,pH為7.0左右,培養(yǎng)時(shí)間為10天的條件下,利用混合細(xì)菌處理礦物制備的肥料速效鉀、有效磷、堿解氮含量分別為1300 mg·kg-1、85.49 mg·kg-1、155.23 mg·kg-1,其各成分的含量與原鉀礦和煤矸石摻雜物相比含量提高2.10倍、73.07倍、5.60倍。利用巨大芽孢桿菌和硅酸鹽細(xì)菌解離含有豐富營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的鉀礦和煤矸石摻雜物制備的微生物復(fù)合肥料,可以很大程度的提高土壤肥力,緩解我國肥料短缺的局面,為我國研究利用鉀礦制備肥料提供新的思路,為煤矸石廢棄物再利用提供新的途徑。本實(shí)驗(yàn)方法具有操作簡便,原料易得,能耗少,對環(huán)境污染小等優(yōu)勢,符合國家節(jié)能減排、降耗、可持續(xù)發(fā)展的政策,有較好的工業(yè)開發(fā)前景,是將來通過低碳、環(huán)保新技術(shù)綜合開發(fā)利用不溶性鉀礦的重要發(fā)展方向。
[Abstract]:The total amount of potassium resources is about 11.95 tons of potash reserves of 4.57 tons, accounting for only 2.6% of the world, on the basis of water soluble potassium resources can be divided into soluble and insoluble potassium resource containing potassium mineral water, water soluble potassium resources are very few in China's reserves, but insoluble potassium ore resources very rich, its reserves of more than 1000 tons. Although insoluble potassium ore resource reserves, due to technical and cost problems, insoluble potassium ore resources are not developed and utilized well, so the study of new technology for extracting potassium potassium in rocks is to accelerate the comprehensive development and utilization of insoluble potassium bearing rocks of the key. Coal gangue is the solid waste in the process of coal mining, the accumulation of a large number of serious pollution to the surrounding environment, but it contains the necessary elements of crop growth, it is doped in the potassium ore nutrients comprehensively. Therefore, the bacterial action on potassium ore and coal gangue doped material, the doping of ore Nitrogen, insoluble phosphorus, potassium can be transformed to be absorbed by crops nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for preparation of microbial compound fertilizer can increase the utilization rate of potassium fertilizer in China, alleviate the shortage, and then make use of coal gangue resources, reduce environmental pollution of coal gangue. Potassium ore and coal gangue for the measured mineral composition, and Bacillus megaterium (ACCC10011) and silicate bacteria (GY03) physicochemical properties were tested, results showed that this method was feasible. This thesis explores the potassium ore and gangue particle diameter, potassium ore and coal the proportion of gangue, system of wet and dry conditions, inoculationquantity, system pH, culture time, oscillation factors such as Bacillus megaterium (ACCC10011) and silicate bacteria (GY03) were treated with potassium ore gangue dopant preparation fertilizer effect, and two kinds of mixed coal gangue and mine doped potassium bacteria Preparation of fertilizer effect, according to the optimal conditions of single factor experiment of orthogonal experimental design, with the incubation time, potassium ore and gangue proportion, inoculationquantity, pH, and other influential factors as the number of visits, 5 by L16 (4) orthogonal test, the optimum conditions of preparation. Fertilizer. The results showed: in the best conditions for the two mesh ore are 200 mesh, potassium ore and gangue proportion is 3:1, the inoculation amount is 40.00ml, which is 9.2 * 1014-2.32 * 1015cfu/g, pH is about 6, the incubation time is 4 days under the condition of using Bacillus megaterium (ACCC10011) treatment potassium fertilizer, mineral preparation of effective phosphorus, nitrogen content of alkali solution were 1200 mg - kg-1,27.81 Mg - kg-1263.34mg - kg-1, the content of each component and the original potassium ore and coal gangue dopant content compared to increase 1.94 times, 21.90 times, 10.55 times; in the best conditions for the two to 200 mesh ore, Potassium ore and gangue proportion is 4:1, the inoculation amount is 35.00ml, which is 3.92 * 1015-3.96 * 1016cfu/g, pH is about 7, the incubation time is 12 days under the condition of using silicate bacteria (GY03) with potassium fertilizer, mineral preparation of effective phosphorus, alkali solution nitrogen content was 800 mg kg-1,44.06? Mg? Kg-1,63.76 mg? Kg-1, the content of each component and the original potassium ore and coal gangue dopant content compared to increase 1.29 times, 37.66 times, 2.30 times; in the best conditions for the two mesh ore are 200 mesh, potassium ore and gangue proportion is 4:1, the inoculation amount is 45.00ml, which is 8.28 * 1014-1.18 * 1016cfu/g, pH is about 7, the incubation time is 10 days under the condition of phosphorus fertilizer utilization of available potassium, mixed bacteria processing mineral preparation, alkali solution nitrogen content was 1300 Mg - kg-1,85.49 Mg - kg-1155.23 Mg - kg-1, the content of each component and the original potassium ore and gangue dopant compared with the content increase of 2.10 Times, 73.07 times, 5.60 times. The use of Bacillus megaterium and dissociation of silicate bacteria rich microbial compound fertilizer potassium ore and coal gangue dopant prepared nutrients, can greatly improve soil fertility, ease China's fertilizer shortage situation, for our country to study the preparation of mineral fertilizer to provide new ideas by K, provide a new way for the coal gangue waste reuse. This method has the advantages of simple operation, easy to get raw materials, low energy consumption, little environmental pollution and other advantages, in line with the national energy saving, energy, sustainable development policy, there are good prospects for industrial development, is the future of the low carbon, environmental protection and new technology development the important development direction of insoluble potassium ore.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TQ440.4

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