本文選題：濱海輕度鹽漬化土　切入點：水肥運籌　出處：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：為探明黃河三角洲輕度鹽漬化土水肥鹽的互作效應(yīng)關(guān)系,明確不同水肥運籌模式對輕度鹽漬化土的鹽堿改良效果及作物增產(chǎn)效應(yīng),本研究以水肥運籌模式(水分運籌模式,灌水1倍和1.5倍SPV,SPV為耕層土壤孔隙體積;肥料運籌模式,施肥N-P2O5-K2O:270-90-180,kg/hm2和N-P2O5-K2O:270-90-0,kg/hm2,基追比均分為1:1和1:2)的降鹽增產(chǎn)效應(yīng)為研究內(nèi)容,在"渤海糧倉"科技示范工程項目示范區(qū)進行田間小麥試驗。通過對小麥不同水肥運籌模式的控鹽效果、土壤環(huán)境條件優(yōu)化及養(yǎng)分提高和小麥增產(chǎn)效應(yīng)的對比研究,篩選出了濱海輕度鹽漬化土小麥最佳水肥運籌模式,為該地區(qū)小麥水肥運籌模式的應(yīng)用與推廣提供科學依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)本試驗條件下,各水肥運籌模式均具有控鹽效應(yīng)。灌水1.5倍SPV+施肥(N-P2O5-K2O:270-90-0,kg/hm2)1:2基追比運籌模式在整個小麥生育期0-100cm土體鹽分含量較其它水肥運籌模式降低1.24%~41.81%,耕層土壤EC降低4.25%~36.93%,降低土壤容重0.12%~8.12%和提高土壤孔隙度1.79%~10.21%,降低土壤pH0.02~0.14單位,提高土壤有機質(zhì)含量0.14%~0.52%,同時提高土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性,為最優(yōu)控鹽和調(diào)控土壤環(huán)境條件的水肥運籌模式。(2)與其它水肥運籌模式相比,灌水1倍SPV+施肥(N-P2O5-K2O:270-90-0,kg/hm2)1:2基追比運籌模式在小麥拔節(jié)期至成熟期提高土壤全氮、堿解氮及有效磷含量分別達0.24%~2.37%,0.67%~13.43%和1.16%~24.52%,是較好保育土壤養(yǎng)分的水肥運籌模式。(3)施肥1:2基追比能大幅度提高小麥生物量及產(chǎn)量,提高幅度分別達到12.18%和27.05%,不施鉀肥不會引起小麥生物量及產(chǎn)量的降低,灌水1倍與1.5倍SPV的小麥產(chǎn)量差異不顯著。灌水1.5倍SPV+施肥(N-P2O5-K2O:270-90-0,kg/hm2)1:2基追比運籌模式能提高氮肥與磷肥利用率10.00%~155.17%和1.02%~137.52%。灌水1倍SPV+施肥(N-P2O5-K2O:270-90-0,kg/hm2)1:2基追比運籌模式平均提高水分利用率達50.44%。(4)灌水1倍SPV+施肥(N-P2O5-K2O:270-90-0,kg/hm2)1:2基追比運籌模式最為經(jīng)濟有效;而灌水1.5倍SPV+施肥(N-P2O5-K2O:270-90-0,kg/hm2)1:2基追比運籌模式可作為當?shù)亻L期控鹽、穩(wěn)產(chǎn)增產(chǎn)及提高水肥利用率的推薦水肥運籌模式。
[Abstract]:In order to find out the interaction effect of water, fertilizer and salt in mild salinized soil in the Yellow River Delta, and to determine the effect of saline-alkali improvement and crop yield on mildly salinized soil with different water and fertilizer operation modes, the study was conducted on the model of water and fertilizer operation. 1 and 1.5 times SPVV SPV were used as the soil pore volume of the tilling layer, and the effects of N P 2O 5 K 2O O: 270-90-180 kg / hm 2 and N P 2O 5 K 2O 2: 270-90 0 kg 路hm 2, N P 2O 5 K 2O 2: 1: 1 and 1: 2 were used to increase the yield of the topsoil, and the N P 2O 5 K 2O 2: 270-90 0 kg 路hm 2 and N P 2O 5 K 2O 2: 1: 1 and 1: 2 respectively. A field wheat experiment was carried out in the demonstration area of "Bohai granary" scientific and technological demonstration project. The effects of salt control, soil environmental conditions optimization, nutrient improvement and wheat yield increase on different water and fertilizer operation models of wheat were studied. The optimum water and fertilizer management model of wheat in littoral mildly salinized soil was selected, which provides a scientific basis for the application and popularization of wheat water and fertilizer operation model in this area. The main results are as follows: 1) under the condition of this experiment, All the models of water and fertilizer management had salt control effect. The nitrogen P2O5-K _ 2O _ 2: 270-90-0 kg 路kg ~ (-2) 路hm ~ (2) ~ (-1) N ~ (2 +) N ~ (2 +) N ~ (2 +) N ~ (2 +) N _ (2) N ~ (2) N ~ (2 +) N ~ (2 +) N ~ (2 +) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2. The weight of 0.12% was 8.12% and the porosity of the soil was 1.79% 10.21%, and the soil pH0.02~0.14 unit was decreased, The soil organic matter content was increased by 0.14 and 0.52, and the soil urease and sucrase activities were also increased. The model of water and fertilizer operation, which is the optimal control of salt and the regulation of soil environmental conditions, was compared with other water and fertilizer operation models. Fertilization of N-P2O5-K _ 2O: 270-90-0 kg 路kg ~ (-2) 路hm ~ (2 +) ~ (-1): 2 ~ (-1: 2) by irrigation with twice SPV increased soil total nitrogen from jointing stage to maturity stage of wheat. The contents of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus reached 0.24% 2.37% and 1.16% respectively 13.43% and 1.16% 24.52%, respectively. It is a better water and fertilizer application mode for soil nutrient conservation.) fertilization with 1: 2 base topdressing ratio can greatly increase wheat biomass and yield. The increase ranges were 12.18% and 27.05, respectively. Without potassium fertilizer, the biomass and yield of wheat were not decreased. There was no significant difference in wheat yield between 1 and 1. 5 times SPV irrigated with SPV, N-P2O5-K _ 2O: 270-90-0 kg 路kg 路hm ~ (-2) 路kg ~ (-2) 路kg 路m ~ (-2) N ~ (-1) N fertilizer utilization rate of 10.00 ~ 155.17% and N ~ (2 +) P _ 2O _ 5-K _ 2O _ 2 = 270-90-0 kg 路hm ~ (2H ~ (2)) = 1: 1: 2 increased the average water and benefit compared with the operational model. The application rate of N P _ 2O _ 5-K _ 2O _ 2: 270-90-0 kg 路hm _ 2 路m ~ (2): 2 was higher than that of the operational model. The rate of irrigation was 50.440.44 and the ratio of SPV to N P2O5-K2O2: 270-90-0 kg / kg / hm ~ (2): 1: 2 was the most economical and effective. However, applying 1.5 times SPV fertilizer to N-P2O5-K _ 2O: 270-90-0 kg 路kg ~ (-2) 路kg ~ (-2) 路kg ~ (-2) 路kg ~ (-2) 路kg ~ (-2) 路kg ~ (-2) 路kg ~ (-2) 路kg ~ (-1) / kg ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ 2 can be used as the recommended water and fertilizer operation model for
【學位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S156.4;S512.1

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