本文選題：長期定位施肥　切入點(diǎn)：重金屬　出處：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：施肥對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)具有十分重要的作用,農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量的提高主要靠土壤養(yǎng)分的供給。然而,不合理施肥會(huì)導(dǎo)致土壤結(jié)構(gòu)失衡,重金屬含量超標(biāo),土壤污染加重等問題。因此,研究長期施肥對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)土壤健康狀況的影響,在指導(dǎo)農(nóng)業(yè)健康生產(chǎn)、保護(hù)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品安全和土壤污染治理方面具有重要意義�；陂L期定位施肥試驗(yàn)(湖南祁陽、沈陽農(nóng)大、江西進(jìn)賢、新疆長期試驗(yàn)站、江西鷹潭和吉林公主嶺)(20年),本論文主要分析了CK(不施肥)、NPK(施化肥)、NPKM(施化肥+有機(jī)肥)、M(施有機(jī)肥)四個(gè)施肥處理土壤中的Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb,Ni五種重金屬元素的全量和生物有效性含量。依據(jù)這五種元素全量和生物有效性的規(guī)律,運(yùn)用紅外光譜技術(shù)(FTIR)、~(27)Al、~(29)Si固體核磁技術(shù)結(jié)合二維相關(guān)光譜(2D COS)分析方法,進(jìn)一步研究了 Cu,Zn,Cd這三種重金屬在土壤水溶性有機(jī)物質(zhì)(DOM)中的絡(luò)合機(jī)制。本論文主要結(jié)杲如下:1.對(duì)采自全國各地的商品有機(jī)肥(共97個(gè))中重金屬Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb,Ni全量進(jìn)行了檢測(cè)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)商品有機(jī)肥中這5種重金屬的含量大部分在各自的正常值范圍內(nèi),有很少的異常值存在;對(duì)比國家有機(jī)肥標(biāo)準(zhǔn),發(fā)現(xiàn)大部分樣品中重金屬全量也都符合國家安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。2.采用三酸法(HNO_3-HF-HC104)對(duì)長期定位點(diǎn)的土壤進(jìn)行消解,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)除新疆長期試驗(yàn)站外,沈陽農(nóng)大、湖南祁陽、江西進(jìn)賢、江西鷹潭和吉林公主嶺長期試驗(yàn)站有機(jī)肥處理土壤中Cu,Zn,Cd全量比CK處理顯著升高(p0.05)。其中,沈陽農(nóng)大長期試驗(yàn)站土壤中Cu,Zn,Cd全量分別升高21.32mg/kg,35.13mg/kg和0.95mg/kg;湖南祁陽長期試驗(yàn)站土壤中Cu,Zn,Cd全量分別升高59.15mg/kg,71.40mg/kg和0.74mg/kg;江西進(jìn)賢長期試驗(yàn)站土壤中Cu,Zn,Cd全量分別升高14.81mg/kg,106.01mg/kg和0.28mg/kg;江西鷹潭長期試驗(yàn)站土壤中Cu,Zn,Cd全量分別升高9.76mg/kg,20.93mg/kg和0.22mg/kg;吉林公主嶺長期試驗(yàn)站土壤中Cu,Zn,Cd全量分別升高16.17mg/kg,30.65mg/kg和0.96mg/kg。而Pb,Ni的全量基本不受施肥處理的影響;湖南祁陽,江西進(jìn)賢長期試驗(yàn)站有機(jī)肥處理的土壤Cu含量均超出國家二級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn);除新疆長期試驗(yàn)站外,其它地區(qū)Cd含量均超出國家二級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。3.采用薄膜梯度擴(kuò)散技術(shù)(DGT)對(duì)各長期試驗(yàn)站不同施肥處理土壤中重金屬的生物有效性進(jìn)行檢測(cè),結(jié)果表明,沈陽農(nóng)大、湖南祁陽、江西進(jìn)賢長期試驗(yàn)站NPK處理的土壤中Zn,Pb,Ni生物有效性含量比M處理的顯著增高。而吉林公主嶺長期試驗(yàn)站NPK施肥處理的土壤中Zn,Ni,Pb有效性比NPKM處理高,Cd有效性含量則是NPKM處理高于NPK處理;江西鷹潭地區(qū)除Pb和Ni外,其余有效性含量均表現(xiàn)為M處理土壤高于NPK處理且差異顯著,M處理土壤中Cu,Zn和Cd有效性含量比NPK處理分別高1.42μg/L,41.7μg/L和2.46μg/L;新疆地區(qū)元素有效性含量很低,均表現(xiàn)為M處理高于NPK處理土壤。4.采用紅外光譜(FTIR)、~(27)Al和~(29)Si固體核磁技術(shù),結(jié)合2D COS分析方法,研究了重金屬在土壤DOM中的絡(luò)合機(jī)制,結(jié)果表明,土壤中遷移性較強(qiáng)的組分DOM中,與重金屬結(jié)合的官能團(tuán)主要為納米礦物,其中的可溶性蛋白幾乎不與重金屬結(jié)合;在NPK和M處理的土壤DOM中,起主要絡(luò)合作用的分別為Si-O(1050~(-1)000cm~(-1))和Si-O-Al(915cm~(-1))官能團(tuán);~(27)Al、~(29)Si固體核磁技術(shù)進(jìn)一步證明了在1050~(-1)000cm~(-1)處為Si-O官能團(tuán),但在915cm~(-1)處沒有對(duì)應(yīng)的紅外吸收峰,說明FTIR分析的含Al官能團(tuán)在該區(qū)域中不存在。
[Abstract]:Fertilization plays a very important role in agricultural production, crop yield increase mainly depends on the soil nutrient supply. However, the unreasonable fertilization will lead to imbalance of soil structure, soil heavy metal content exceed the standard, pollution and other issues. Therefore, the effect of long term fertilization on agricultural soil health in agricultural production, health guidance, has important significance the protection of the safety of agricultural products and soil pollution. Based on long-term fertilization (Hunan Qiyang, Jiangxi Jinxian, Shenyang Agricultural University, Xinjiang, Yingtan and Jiangxi long experiment station, Jilin, Gongzhuling) (20 years), this thesis mainly analyzes the CK (no fertilizer), NPK (Shi Huafei), NPKM (chemical fertilizer + organic fertilizer), M (organic fertilizer) four fertilizer treatments in soil Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni of five heavy metals in total and bio availability of content. On the basis of the five elements in total and the biological effectiveness of law, use red Spectroscopy (FTIR), ~ (27) Al, ~ (29) Si NMR technique combined with two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D COS) analysis method, further study of the Cu, Zn, Cd these three kinds of heavy metals in soil water soluble organic matter (DOM) complex mechanism in the main results. Are as follows: 1. the production of commercial organic fertilizer from all over the country (97 in total) of heavy metals in Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni content were detected and analyzed, found that the amount of these 5 kinds of heavy metals in commercial organic fertilizer is most in the normal range, there are few outliers exist; compared with the national the organic fertilizer standard, found that heavy metals in most samples total also comply with the national safety standards.2. by acid method (HNO_3-HF-HC104) for long-term point of soil digestion. The results show that in addition to Xinjiang long experiment station, Shenyang Agricultural University, Hunan Qiyang, Jiangxi Jinxian, Jiangxi Yingtan and Jilin Gongzhuling long test station Inorganic fertilizer in soil Cu, Zn, Cd ratio was significantly increased in CK treatment (P0.05). Among them, Shenyang Agricultural Experiment Station long-term soil Cu, Zn, Cd were increased by 21.32mg/kg, 35.13mg/kg and 0.95mg/kg; Hunan Qiyang long experiment station of soil Cu, Zn, Cd were increased by 59.15mg/kg, 71.40mg/kg 0.74mg/kg and Jiangxi Jinxian; long-term experiment station of soil Cu, Zn, Cd were increased by 14.81mg/kg, 106.01mg/kg and 0.28mg/kg; Jiangxi Yingtan long experiment station of soil Cu, Zn, Cd were increased by 9.76mg/kg, 20.93mg/kg and 0.22mg/kg; Jilin Gongzhuling long experiment station of soil Cu, Zn, Cd respectively increased 16.17mg/kg 0.96mg/kg., 30.65mg/kg and Pb, the total capacity of Ni was not affected by fertilization treatment; Hunan Qiyang, Jiangxi Jinxian experimental station of long-term organic fertilizer soil Cu content exceeded the national standard level two; in addition to the Xinjiang long experiment station, other areas Cd The content exceeded the national standard level two.3. by diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT) on the long-term fertilization experiment station were detected, the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil. The results show that the Shenyang Agricultural University, Hunan Qiyang, Jiangxi Jinxian station NPK long-term test in soil treated with Zn, Pb significantly increased content of Ni bioavailability compared with M treatment. While the Jilin Gongzhuling experiment station NPK long-term fertilization treatments Zn, Ni, Pb with high effectiveness than NPKM, effective Cd content is higher than NPKM NPK treatment; Jiangxi Yingtan area except Pb and Ni, the validity of the content of M was higher than NPK treatment and soil significant differences in soil Cu, M, Zn and Cd were high effective content of 1.42 g/L NPK, 41.7 g/L and 2.46 g/L; the Xinjiang area content of effective elements is very low, M was higher than that of NPK in soil by infrared spectroscopy (.4. FTIR), ~ (27) Al and ~ (29) Si NMR technology, combined with 2D COS analysis method, studies the complex mechanism of heavy metals in DOM, the results show that the strong group migration in soil DOM, functional groups and heavy metal binding mainly for nano minerals, which almost soluble protein do not combine with heavy metal; NPK and M in soil treated by DOM, the main complexation were Si-O (1050~ (-1) 000cm~ (-1)) and Si-O-Al (915cm~ (-1)) group; (27) ~ Al, ~ (29) Si NMR technology was further proved that the 1050~ (-1 000cm~ (-1)) for Si-O functional groups, but in 915cm~ (-1) infrared absorption peak has no corresponding FTIR analysis, containing Al functionality does not exist in this region.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X53;S153

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本文編號(hào)：1570949