本文選題：稻田　切入點(diǎn)：生物擾動效應(yīng)　出處：《長春師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本論文以底棲魚類泥鰍為實驗對象,通過對吉林省長春市雙陽區(qū)奢嶺鎮(zhèn)徐家村的稻田采樣分析,研究了底棲動物對稻田沉積物-水界面交換與耦合擾動作用。通過室內(nèi)模擬實驗,以沉積物-水界面關(guān)鍵生態(tài)過程(顆粒垂直分布、再懸浮、生源要素循環(huán))為重點(diǎn),深入探討沉積物-水界面耦合機(jī)理、生物作用機(jī)制、變化規(guī)律及影響因素,在此基礎(chǔ)上,尋求生態(tài)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)理論和研究方法的突破,為農(nóng)業(yè)非點(diǎn)源污染的治理和生態(tài)建模提供基本參量和科學(xué)依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)果包括:(1)泥鰍對沉積物表層顆粒的垂直遷移率為1.385×10-3g-1·cm-2·d-1,最大遷移深度為8cm;泥鰍對沉積物深層顆粒的向上垂直遷移率為1.774×10-3g-1·cm-2·d-1,向上最大遷移深度為4cm;向下垂直遷移率為5.586×10-4g-1·cm-2·d-1,向下最大遷移深度為5cm。(2)泥鰍的生物擾動效應(yīng)對稻田沉積物顆粒的遷移起著正面的積極作用,稻田沉積物是水稻根系生長的營養(yǎng)源基礎(chǔ),沉積物的顆粒遷移必將導(dǎo)致沉積物中各種有機(jī)質(zhì)分子團(tuán)的遷移,有利于水稻根系對營養(yǎng)元素的吸收。(3)泥鰍擾動效應(yīng)使稻田上覆水中懸浮物含量達(dá)到62.99mg/L,懸浮物含量上升了50.48mg/L,泥鰍對稻田表層沉積物侵蝕深度最大為2.3mm。(4)泥鰍對稻田上覆水中的N素平衡發(fā)揮正面作用,水體中氨氮、亞硝態(tài)氮和硝態(tài)氮的變化除了和泥鰍的生物擾動效應(yīng)相關(guān)外,還和水體中的硝化細(xì)菌生長有關(guān)。(5)泥鰍的生物擾動作用對上覆水中的P素平衡起到積極的影響,提高了營養(yǎng)元素的含量,有利于為水稻生長提供更多可利用的P元素。
[Abstract]:The benthic fish loach as the experimental object, through the town of Sheling Shuangyang District, Jilin City, Xu Jia Cun Changchun paddy field sampling and analysis, studied the effect of benthic animal disturbance and coupling of the paddy water sediment interface. Through indoor simulation experiment, the key ecological process in the sediment water interface (vertical distribution of particles suspension elements cycle) as the focus, in-depth study of the sediment water interface coupling mechanism, biological mechanism, regularity and influencing factors, based on the basic theory and research methods of ecology to seek breakthrough, provide basic parameters and scientific basis for ecological modeling and management of agricultural non-point source pollution. The main results include: (1) the surface sediment particle loach vertical migration rate is 1.385 * 10-3g-1 - cm-2 - D-1, the largest migration depth is 8cm; deep sediment particles on Loach vertical mobility 1.774 * 10-3g-1 - cm-2 - D-1, to the largest migration depth is 4cm; the downward vertical migration rate is 5.586 * 10-4g-1 - cm-2 - D-1, the maximum depth of 5cm. downward migration (2) loach bioturbation effect on migration of sediment particles in paddy field plays a positive role in paddy field, sediment is the source of nutrition the basis of rice root growth, migration will lead to the migration of particles in sediment organic matter in sediments of various molecular clusters, in favor of rice root to absorb nutrient elements. (3) the effect of disturbance of paddy field loach overlying water suspended suspended solids content reached 62.99mg/L, rose 50.48mg/L, loach on paddy surface sediment erosion depth maximum 2.3mm. (4) loach in paddy field N of the overlying water balance play a positive role in water, changes of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen addition and Misgurnus anguillicaudatus bioturbation effect related, and also water The growth of nitrifying bacteria is related. (5) the bioturbation of loach has a positive effect on the P balance of overlying water, and improves the content of nutrient elements, which is conducive to provide more available P elements for rice growth.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：長春師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S181

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本文編號：1561726