本文選題：崩崗　切入點(diǎn)：小流域　出處：《福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：為研究南方花崗巖區(qū)典型崩崗小流域內(nèi)懸浮泥沙來源,本文以安溪縣龍門鎮(zhèn)崩崗侵蝕小流域?yàn)檠芯繉?duì)象,在4種土地利用類型(侵蝕林地、茶園、耕地和崩崗侵蝕區(qū))中共采集85個(gè)泥沙源地土樣,同時(shí)在河道布設(shè)采樣器收集降雨后的侵蝕懸浮泥沙。通過分析樣品中的34種指紋因子,運(yùn)用組合指紋法篩選出最佳指紋因子組合,并計(jì)算出各泥沙源地的泥沙運(yùn)移規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明:(1)利用無參數(shù)Kruskal-Wallis檢驗(yàn)對(duì)所有因子進(jìn)行無參數(shù)檢驗(yàn),篩選出顯著差異性(P0.05)的指紋識(shí)別因子。各子流域中符合條件的指紋因子有:子流域A(Li、Co、Ni、Sb、Ca共5種),子流域B(Li、Ti、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Sr、Cd、Sn、Pb、Ca、Al、V、As、P、石英和高嶺土共19種),子流域C(Li、B、Ti、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Zn、Sr、Cd、Sn、Ba、Tl、Pb、Bi、Ca、Mg、V、Ga、As、P、K、石英、高嶺土、輝石和微斜長石共26種)和子流域D(Li、Ti、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Sr、Cd、Sn、Ba、Tl、Pb、Bi、Fe、Ca、Mg、Al、V、Ga、As、P、K、石英、高嶺土、輝石和微斜長石共28種)。(2)對(duì)通過無參數(shù)檢驗(yàn)的指紋因子進(jìn)行多元判別回歸分析得出各子流域的最佳指紋因子組合。子流域A的最佳指紋因子組合是Li、Sb和Ca 3種指紋因子,子流域B的最佳指紋因子組合是Ti、Li、Sn和Ca 4種指紋因子,子流域C的最佳指紋因子組合是Ca、Li、Sn和Mn 4種指紋因子和子流域D的最佳指紋因子組合是Ca、Li、Sn、K和Ba這5種指紋因子。各子流域的累積貢獻(xiàn)率都達(dá)到90%以上,符合分析要求。通過多元判別效果檢驗(yàn)得各子流域中不同泥沙源地的正確判別率都在80%以上,說明所建立判別模型的可靠性。(3)利用多元混合模型定量得出各子流域懸浮泥沙的貢獻(xiàn)率。子流域A中各泥沙源地的相對(duì)泥沙貢獻(xiàn)率均值分別為侵蝕林地(55.26%),茶園(21.44%)和耕地(23.30%);子流域B中茶園(21.51%),耕地(20.07%)和崩崗侵蝕區(qū)(58.42%);子流域C中侵蝕林地(17.08%),茶園(42.18%),耕地(19.31%)和崩崗侵蝕區(qū)(21.43%);子流域D中侵蝕林地(21.76%),茶園(24.55%),耕地(29.99%)和崩崗侵蝕區(qū)(23.70%)。擬合優(yōu)度檢驗(yàn)值均大于0.8,再次證明該混合模型得出的結(jié)果可以接受。(4)泥沙源地懸浮泥沙貢獻(xiàn)率與降雨之間的耦合關(guān)系:子流域A中茶園和耕地的泥沙貢獻(xiàn)率均隨降雨數(shù)據(jù)130增大而增大。子流域B中茶園泥沙貢獻(xiàn)百分比與降雨雨量和平均降雨強(qiáng)度均呈正相關(guān)性,耕地的貢獻(xiàn)值隨降雨平均降雨強(qiáng)度的增大而增大;崩崗侵蝕區(qū)的懸浮泥沙貢獻(xiàn)值與降雨雨量、歷時(shí)和平均強(qiáng)度都呈極顯著相關(guān)性,且為正比例相關(guān)。在子流域C中侵蝕林地的泥沙貢獻(xiàn)百分比與降雨的平均降雨強(qiáng)度呈正相關(guān),茶園貢獻(xiàn)值與降雨雨量呈正相關(guān),崩崗侵蝕區(qū)的貢獻(xiàn)值也僅與降雨歷時(shí)呈正相關(guān)。在子流域D中茶園的泥沙貢獻(xiàn)值分別隨降雨量和降雨歷時(shí)呈顯著性正相關(guān)。
[Abstract]:In order to study the source of suspended sediment in the typical gully valley of granite region in southern China, this paper takes Longmen town, Anxi County as the research object, and uses four kinds of land use types (eroding woodland, tea garden, etc.). A total of 85 soil samples from sediment sources were collected, and a sampler was installed in the river to collect erosion suspended sediment after rainfall. Through the analysis of 34 fingerprint factors in the samples, The best combination of fingerprint factors was screened by the combined fingerprint method, and the sediment transport law of each sediment source was calculated. The results show that the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test is used to test all the factors. The fingerprint identification factors of significant difference (P0.05) have been screened out. The suitable fingerprint factors in each subwatershed are as follows: AliCoCoNiNiSbCa-Ca in subwatershed, BLiTiCr-MnCr-MnCoNiNiCuPe, PbCaAlVAsPe, quartz and kaolin, 19 species of quartz and kaolin. A total of 26 species of pyroxene and microplagioclase) and in the subbasin of China, China, China, China, China, China, China, China, China, China, China, China, China, China, China, China, China, China, China, China, China, China, China, China, China, China, China, China, China, China, China, China, China, China, China. Twenty-eight species of pyroxene and microplagioclase were obtained by multivariate discriminant regression analysis of fingerprint factors without parameter test. The optimum combination of fingerprint factors of sub-watershed A was Li-Sb and Ca. The best fingerprint factor combination of subbasin B is Tiangliang Sn and Ca four fingerprint factors. The best fingerprint factor combination of C is four kinds of fingerprint factors of Caanliang Sn and mn, and the best combination of fingerprint factors of D is five kinds of fingerprint factors. The cumulative contribution rate of each subwatershed is above 90%. According to the requirement of analysis, the correct discriminant rate of different sediment sources in each subbasin is above 80% by multivariate discriminant effect test. It shows that the reliability of the discriminant model is established. (3) the contribution rate of suspended sediment in each sub-watershed is quantitatively obtained by using the multivariate mixed model. The mean relative sediment contribution rates of each sediment source in sub-watershed A are 55.26% and 21.44%, respectively, for eroded forest land and tea garden. In subbasin B, the tea garden is 21.51U, the cultivated land is 20.07) and the erosion area is 58.42U; in the subbasin C, the eroded woodland is 17.08m, the tea garden is 42.18U, the cultivated land is 19.31) and the erosion area is 21.4343; in the subbasin D, the woodland is 21.761U, the tea garden is 24.55m, the cultivated land is 29.9999m) and the collapse erosion area is 23.70m. The results obtained by the mixed model are all more than 0.8, which proves the coupling relationship between the contribution rate of suspended sediment and rainfall in sediment source area: the contribution rate of tea garden and cultivated land in sub-watershed A is both with rainfall. The percentage of tea garden sediment contribution in sub-watershed B was positively correlated with rainfall and average rainfall intensity. The contribution of cultivated land increases with the increase of the average rainfall intensity, and the suspended sediment contribution in the erosion area is significantly correlated with rainfall, duration and average intensity. The percentage of sediment contribution of eroded forest land in sub-watershed C was positively correlated with the average rainfall intensity of rainfall, and the value of tea garden contribution was positively correlated with rainfall rainfall. The contribution of tea garden in subbasin D was positively correlated with rainfall and rainfall duration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S157

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