本文選題：農(nóng)用地　切入點：自然等別　出處：《中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國耕地質(zhì)量等別總體偏低,大部分耕地存在限制型,在很大程度上制約了糧食的持續(xù)增產(chǎn)。本文基于各國耕地質(zhì)量評價體系所選取的限制型和農(nóng)用地分等成果,以耕地自然等質(zhì)量為研究對象,將耕地質(zhì)量限制型與農(nóng)用地分等成果相聯(lián)系,利用自然等質(zhì)量限制性指數(shù)模型,確定出影響耕地質(zhì)量限制型的譜序,并針對不同限制型提出耕地質(zhì)量提升的方法與措施,構(gòu)建出“耕地質(zhì)量自然等—限制型評價體系”�？梢悦鞔_耕地質(zhì)量的自然等別、限制型和限制型譜序,為有針對性的提出耕地質(zhì)量改良技術(shù)提供理論依據(jù)。并結(jié)合2011年農(nóng)用地分等補充完善成果和耕地質(zhì)量等級監(jiān)測成果,以我國中部糧食主產(chǎn)區(qū)的4個示范縣為例進(jìn)行實證研究。結(jié)果表明:(1)我國耕地主要存在裸巖限制、污染限制、排水限制、坡度限制、障礙層次限制、灌溉限制、土層限制、水分限制、鹽堿限制、有機質(zhì)限制、酸堿度限制、剖面構(gòu)型限制、質(zhì)地限制和氣候限制等14種限制型。(2)通過對應(yīng)的分等指標(biāo)和自然等質(zhì)量限制性指數(shù)模型進(jìn)行計算,可以得出吉林省農(nóng)安縣存在7種限制型和18種耕地自然等質(zhì)量限制型組合類型,河南省禹州市存在8種限制型和19種耕地自然等質(zhì)量限制型組合類型,湖北省公安縣存在9種限制型和12種耕地自然等質(zhì)量主導(dǎo)限制型組合類型,江西省吉安縣存在8種限制型和7種耕地自然等質(zhì)量限制型組合類型。(3)明確耕地質(zhì)量限制型,可以針對主導(dǎo)限制型進(jìn)行耕地質(zhì)量改良,農(nóng)安縣提等措施主要從田間配套工程及土壤培肥等方面入手,禹州市提等措施主要從完善灌溉體系和改善耕地坡度等方面入手,公安縣提等措施主要從施加土壤改良劑和完善排水體系等方面入手,吉安縣提等措施主要從完善灌溉體系及深耕土壤等方面入手。本文構(gòu)建的耕地質(zhì)量限制型評價體系可以在有限的資金成本投入下更有效率地保護(hù)耕地,為探索高效經(jīng)濟的改良耕地質(zhì)量路徑提供理論依據(jù),發(fā)揮耕地增產(chǎn)潛力,增加糧食有效供給,進(jìn)而達(dá)到提升耕地質(zhì)量、合理進(jìn)行耕地質(zhì)量建設(shè)與管理的目的,對于保障國家糧食安全具有重大意義。
[Abstract]:The cultivated land quality of our country is on the low side, and most of the cultivated land is restricted, which to a great extent restricts the sustainable increase of grain production. This paper is based on the limited type and agricultural land classification results selected by the evaluation system of cultivated land quality in various countries. Taking the natural quality of cultivated land as the research object, combining the limited type of cultivated land quality with the results of agricultural land classification, and using the natural equal quality limiting index model, the spectral order that affects the limited type of cultivated land quality is determined. According to different limited types, the methods and measures of improving cultivated land quality are put forward, and the evaluation system of "natural equal-limited type of cultivated land quality" is constructed, which can make clear the order of natural equality, restriction type and restricted type spectrum of cultivated land quality. It provides the theoretical basis for putting forward the cultivated land quality improvement technology, and combining with the supplementary and perfect results of agricultural land classification in 2011 and the monitoring results of cultivated land quality grade, Taking 4 demonstration counties in the main grain producing area of central China as an example, the results show that there are main limitations of bare rock, pollution, drainage, slope, barrier level, irrigation and soil layer on cultivated land in China. Water limitation, salinization limitation, organic matter limitation, pH limitation, profile configuration limitation, texture limitation and climate limitation were calculated by corresponding grading index and natural quality limiting index model. It can be concluded that there are 7 limited types and 18 kinds of cultivated land natural quality limited combination types in Nong'an County of Jilin Province, 8 restricted types and 19 kinds of cultivated land natural equal quality limited combination types in Yuzhou City, Henan Province. There are 9 kinds of limited type and 12 kinds of cultivated land natural quality dominant limited type combination type in public security county of Hubei Province, Jiangxi Province Ji'an county has 8 kinds of limited type and 7 kinds of cultivated land natural equal quality restriction type combination type. We can improve the quality of cultivated land in accordance with the dominant restricted type. The measures of raising farmland in Nong'an County are mainly from the aspects of field supporting projects and soil fertilization, and those of Yuzhou City are mainly from the aspects of improving irrigation system and improving the slope of cultivated land. The measures proposed by the public security county mainly start with the application of soil improvers and the improvement of the drainage system. Such measures as improving irrigation system and deep tillage soil are the main measures in Ji'an County. The limited evaluation system of cultivated land quality can be used to protect cultivated land more efficiently with limited capital cost. In order to provide theoretical basis for exploring the path of improving cultivated land quality with high efficiency and economy, to bring into play the potential of increasing cultivated land yield, to increase the effective supply of grain, and to achieve the purpose of improving the quality of cultivated land and reasonably carrying out the construction and management of cultivated land quality. It is of great significance to ensure national food security.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S159.2

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