本文關(guān)鍵詞： 層狀土 毛管障礙 群體光合速率 HYDRUS-1D 晉陜蒙接壤區(qū) 水分運(yùn)動(dòng)　出處：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：晉陜蒙接壤地區(qū)礦產(chǎn)資源十分豐富,但在煤炭的開采過程中,土地遭到嚴(yán)重破壞,生態(tài)惡化。按土地法規(guī)定,排土場(chǎng)大部分區(qū)段的最終利用方向是農(nóng)耕地,然而目前排土場(chǎng)土壤隨意堆砌,加之,礦區(qū)降水較少,植被恢復(fù)困難。本文利用質(zhì)地差異明顯的土壤人為構(gòu)造層狀結(jié)構(gòu),以期利于植物生長(zhǎng)。設(shè)置沙土、砒砂巖、黃綿土和紅粘土四種均質(zhì)土體和黃-沙-紅(黃綿土-沙土-紅粘土)、黃-紅-沙(黃綿土-紅粘土-沙土)、沙-黃-砒(沙土-黃綿土-砒砂巖)、黃-砒-沙(黃綿土-砒砂巖-沙土)四種層狀土體,借助室內(nèi)土柱自動(dòng)觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)測(cè)定四種均質(zhì)土體和四種層狀土體的入滲及蒸發(fā)過程,并利用HYDRUS-1D模擬入滲與蒸發(fā)過程,從理論上描述層狀土水分運(yùn)動(dòng)特征。并在層狀土柱上種植紫花苜蓿,測(cè)量不同結(jié)構(gòu)層狀土上苜蓿群體光合速率的變化,分析不同結(jié)構(gòu)層狀土對(duì)植物生長(zhǎng)的適宜性。得到以下主要結(jié)論:(1)不同質(zhì)地均質(zhì)土壤入滲性能、蒸發(fā)性能差異較大,入滲性能從大到小排序?yàn)?沙土、砒砂巖、黃綿土、紅粘土,蒸發(fā)性能從大到小排序?yàn)?黃綿土、紅粘土、沙土、砒砂巖。統(tǒng)計(jì)分析表明,四種土壤入滲過程模擬結(jié)果的Re(相對(duì)誤差)絕對(duì)值都在11.0%以下,R2在0.90以上,利用HYDRUS-1D結(jié)合入滲、蒸發(fā)過程剖面含水量變化反演土壤水力參數(shù)具有較高的精度。(2)黃-紅-沙型層狀土入滲速率慢,在強(qiáng)降雨條件下不能使水分迅速入滲。黃-砒-沙型層狀土濕潤(rùn)鋒到達(dá)第三層土體后運(yùn)移速率仍很快,阻水效果差,水分容易滲漏到更深層土壤。黃-沙-紅、沙-黃-砒型層狀土在短時(shí)間內(nèi)能貯存大量水分,且第三層土體阻水作用強(qiáng),黃-沙-紅型層狀土下層紅粘土阻水效果尤其明顯。統(tǒng)計(jì)分析表明,實(shí)測(cè)和模擬入滲速率和剖面含水量的R2在0.86到0.97之間,入滲速率的平均誤差(MEP)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差(SDP)分別在-0.0004和-0.0097,0.025和0.039之間,剖面含水量的平均誤差(MEP)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差(SDP)分別在-0.0222和0.0057,0.034和0.092之間。說明HYDRUS-1D利用連續(xù)監(jiān)測(cè)的入滲過程土壤剖面含水量反解水力參數(shù),經(jīng)優(yōu)化后,可以準(zhǔn)確模擬層狀土入滲過程。四種層狀土壤持水性能及蒸發(fā)性能差異較大,黃-沙-紅和黃-紅-沙型層狀土整體田間持水量大于沙-黃-砒和黃-砒-沙型層狀土的田間持水量,沙-黃-砒型層狀土的保水性能最好,另外三種層狀土的保水性能差異不顯著。黃-紅-沙和黃-砒-沙持水量雖高,但水分易蒸發(fā)散失,可供植物蒸騰利用的水分少。沙-黃-砒型層狀土持水量低,因存在毛管障礙,有效抑制下層水分向上運(yùn)動(dòng)減少蒸發(fā),可供植物利用的水分較多。(3)同一時(shí)刻,黃-沙-紅和沙-黃-砒型層狀土苜蓿群體光合速率大于黃-紅-沙和黃-砒-沙型層狀土苜蓿的群體光合速率。用群體光合速率評(píng)價(jià)層狀土對(duì)植物生長(zhǎng)的適宜性,黃-沙-紅和沙-黃-砒型層狀土比黃-紅-沙和黃-砒-沙型層狀土更適宜植物生長(zhǎng)。本研究利用自動(dòng)化測(cè)量系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測(cè)層狀土水分運(yùn)動(dòng)特征,并利用群體光合速率評(píng)價(jià)不同結(jié)構(gòu)層狀土對(duì)植物生長(zhǎng)的適宜性,結(jié)果表明黃-沙-紅、沙-黃-砒型層狀土適合應(yīng)用到晉陜蒙礦區(qū)排土場(chǎng)建設(shè)中。
[Abstract]:The contiguous area is rich in mineral resources, but in the process of mining coal, land destruction, ecological deterioration. According to the provisions of the law of the land, dump parts of end use direction is agricultural, however, dump soil randompacking, in addition, in less precipitation, vegetation in this paper. The use of artificial soil layer structure texture difference, in order to help the plant. Setting sand, sandstone, loessial soil and red clay of four kinds of homogeneous soil and yellow sand (red yellow loamy soil and red clay and sand), yellow red sand (loessial soil and red clay and sand), sand yellow (soft sand - Loess - sandstone), yellow sand (in loessial soil - sandstone - sand) four layered soil, the infiltration and evaporation process of the automatic observation system for determination of four kinds of homogeneous soil and four layered soil soil column, and use HYDRUS-1D to simulate the infiltration and The evaporation process, describe the layered soil water movement characteristics in theory. And planting alfalfa in layered soil column, measured in different structure of layered soil on the photosynthetic rate of Alfalfa population changes, analysis of different structure of layered soil suitable for the growth of plants. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) different texture homogeneous soil infiltration different properties, evaporation, infiltration from large to small order: sand, sandstone, Huang Miantu, red clay, evaporation from large to small order: Huang Miantu, red clay, sand and sandstone. Statistical analysis showed that the four kinds of soil infiltration process simulation results of the Re (absolute relative error) the values are below 11%, more than 0.90 in R2, HYDRUS-1D with the use of infiltration, evaporation of moisture profile inversion of soil hydraulic parameters with high accuracy. (2) - red - yellow sand layered soil infiltration rate is slow, can't keep the water in the condition of strong rainfall Fast infiltration. The soft yellow sand layered soil wetting front reached third layer soil after the migration rate is still very fast, water blocking effect, water is easy to seep into the deeper soil. Yellow sand - red, yellow sand in layered soil in a short time can store large amounts of water, and the third layer the soil with strong water resistance, especially yellow - red sand - layered soil layer of red clay type water blocking effect. Statistical analysis showed that the measured and simulated infiltration rate and soil water content of R2 between 0.86 to 0.97, the average error of infiltration rate (MEP) and standard deviation (SDP) respectively in -0.0004 and between -0.0097,0.025 and 0.039, the average error of section water content (MEP) and standard deviation (SDP) respectively in -0.0222 and 0.0057,0.034 between 0.092 and HYDRUS-1D. The continuous monitoring of the infiltration process of soil moisture profile inverse hydraulic parameters, after optimization, can accurately simulate the layered soil infiltration process. 鍥涚灞傜姸鍦熷￥鎸佹按鎬ц兘鍙?qiáng)钂稿彂妫?

本文編號(hào)：1555180