本文關鍵詞： 油茶 磷缺乏 無機磷分級 難溶磷　出處：《中南林業(yè)科技大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：油茶是我國重點發(fā)展的木本食用油料樹種之一,主要分布在我國南方酸性土壤地區(qū),磷素缺乏嚴重制約了油茶產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。本研究以湖南油茶林為研究對象,分析不同磷素在土壤中的含量和分布情況,不同形態(tài)磷素之間的相關關系；探究不同磷源處理對油茶根系形態(tài)和土壤磷素分級的影響,以及不同種養(yǎng)模式對油茶林地土壤磷素形態(tài)及磷素有效性的影響,以期為闡明油茶對磷素的利用規(guī)律,發(fā)掘油茶對磷高效利用能力以及促進油茶豐產(chǎn)栽培提供理論依據(jù)。研究結(jié)果如下：1.湖南油茶林地土壤磷素分布情況以及不同磷素之間的相關性。土壤有效磷含量在0-20cm土層和20-40cm土層變化范圍分別為0.508-2.622mg/kg、 0.422-2.318mg/kg,0-20cm土層有效磷含量明顯高于20-40cm土層,根際土壤中有效磷含量比非根際土壤提高了4.50%-43.54%,最高達2.932mg/kg,平均為1.893mg/kg。土壤全磷含量在0-20cm土層和20-40cm土層變化范圍分別為0.175-0.465g/kg、0.140-0.421g/kg,0-20cm土層全磷含量高于20-40cm土層,但差異不顯著,土壤全磷含量最高為0.848g/kg,平均為0.32g/kg。Al-P、Fe-P、O-P、Ca-P 4種無機磷在0-20cm土層中平均含量均高于20-40cm土層,A1-P和Fe-P最大含量分別為0.14g/kg、0.17g/kg,而O-P和Ca-P最大含量僅為9.31mg/kg、 17.58mg/kg,土壤中4種無機磷含量的大小順序為Fe-PAl-PCa-PO-P。根際土壤中有效磷與氧磷、鈣磷呈顯著負相關,與鋁磷、鐵磷呈顯著正相關,根系全磷與葉片全磷相關性不大,土壤有效磷與根系全磷、葉片全磷呈正相關,表明油茶林地根際土壤中鋁磷和鐵磷可能是有效磷的主要來源。2.不同磷源對油茶根系形態(tài)及磷素分級的影響。以油茶‘湘林210號’為試材,以不施外源磷作為對照,通過盆栽試驗,探究無機難溶磷(Fe-P、Al-P和Ca-P)對油茶根系形態(tài)以及樹體營養(yǎng)水平的影響。結(jié)果表明：不同磷源處理均顯著提高了油茶根系干質(zhì)量；A1-P和Ca-P則顯著提高了油茶地上部分干質(zhì)量,而Fe-P作用不明顯。三種不同磷源處理對根系平均直徑促進作用相互間不顯著,但均高于對照,與對照相比差異顯著；其中Ca-P顯著提高了油茶根系的總根長、總表面積、總投影面積以及總體積。A1-P處理顯著提高了油茶葉片和根系中鋁含量,Ca-P處理顯著提高了土壤和葉片中的鈣含量。3.不同栽培措施條件下油茶林地土壤磷素形態(tài)及其有效性分析。以不間種任何作物的油茶林地作為對照(CK),探究林下養(yǎng)雞、林下種草、間種花生和間種大豆4種栽培措施對油茶林地土壤磷素形態(tài)含量變化和有效性的影響。不同栽培措施下油茶林地根際土壤中有效磷含量明顯高于非根際土壤,并顯著提高0-20cm土層中有效磷含量,其中間種大豆的效果最顯著；林下養(yǎng)雞和林下種草顯著提高油茶林地根際土壤和非根際土壤中全磷含量,間種花生和間種大豆對其影響不顯著；不同栽培措施下A1-P和Fe-P的含量均顯著高于O-P和Ca-P,其中林下種草顯著提高根際Ca-P含量。
[Abstract]:Camellia is our focus on the development of woody edible oil trees, mainly distributed in the south of China in acid soil area, phosphorus deficiency seriously restricts the development of tea industry. This study takes Hunan Camellia forest as the research object, analysis of the content and distribution of phosphorus in soil, the relationship between the elements of different forms of phosphorus the effects of different phosphorus sources; processing of Camellia oleifera root morphology and soil phosphorus fractionation, and different planting patterns on soil phosphorus and phosphorus fractions of Camellia oleifera forest impact effectiveness, in order to clarify the phosphorus use of Camellia, camellia of phosphorus efficient utilization of excavation capacity and promote the tea yield cultivation theory on the basis of the research results are as follows: 1.. The correlation of Hunan Camellia oleifera forest soil phosphorus distribution and different between phosphorus. Soil available phosphorus content changes in 0-20cm and 20-40cm soil Ranges were 0.508-2.622mg/kg, 0.422-2.318mg/kg, 0-20cm, soil available phosphorus content was significantly higher than that of 20-40cm in rhizosphere soil, the content of available phosphorus in rhizosphere soil increased by 4.50%-43.54%, up to 2.932mg/kg, the average content of total phosphorus in 0-20cm 1.893mg/kg. soil layer and soil layer of 20-40cm range were 0.175-0.465g/kg, 0.140-0.421g/kg, 0-20cm higher than the total phosphorus content of soil 20-40cm soil layer, but the difference is not significant, the soil total phosphorus content was the highest in 0.848g/kg, average 0.32g/kg.Al-P, Fe-P, O-P, the average Ca-P content of 4 kinds of inorganic phosphorus in 0-20cm soil layer was higher than that of 20-40cm, A1-P and Fe-P were 0.14g/kg, 0.17g/kg, O-P and Ca-P and the maximum content of only 9.31mg/kg, 17.58mg/kg, 4 inorganic phosphorus content in soil in the order of effective phosphorus and phosphorus oxygen Fe-PAl-PCa-PO-P. in rhizosphere soil, showed a significant negative correlation with calcium and phosphorus, aluminum Phosphorus was positively related to iron phosphorus, root total phosphorus and total phosphorus in leaves had little correlation, soil available phosphorus and total phosphorus in root, leaf total phosphorus was positively related to that of aluminum phosphate phosphorus and iron in rhizosphere soil of Camellia forest is probably the main source of.2. of different phosphorus sources of phosphorus and phosphorus on root morphology in Camellia oleifera classification. To tea "Xiang Lin 210" as materials, with exogenous phosphorus as control, through pot experiment on inorganic insoluble phosphate (Fe-P, Al-P and Ca-P) effects on the body nutrition level of Camellia oleifera root morphology and tree. The results showed that different phosphorus treatment significantly increased the root of Camellia do A1-P and Ca-P quality; improve the quality of dry tea on the ground, while the Fe-P effect is not obvious. Three kinds of different phosphorus sources on promoting the interaction between the average root diameter was not significant, but were higher than the control, a significant difference compared with the control; the Ca-P significantly Increase the total root length of Camellia root, total surface area, total projection area and the total volume of.A1-P significantly increased the content of aluminum oil leaves and roots, the Ca-P significantly increased the content of calcium.3. conditions of different cultivation measures in soil and leaves of Camellia oleifera forest soil phosphorus analysis state and its validity in Camellia not with any forest crops as control (CK), explore the forest chicken, forest and grass, the effect of 4 kinds of cultivation measures of Interplanting peanut and soybean intercropping on different forms of content and availability of phosphorus in soils of different cultivation measures of Camellia oleifera forest. Under the available phosphorus content in rhizosphere soil of Camellia oleifera forest was significantly higher than that of non rhizosphere soil, and significantly improve the effective phosphorus content in 0-20cm soil layer, of which the most significant effect of soybean intercropping; forest chicken and grass significantly increased the total phosphorus content in rhizosphere soil of Camellia oleifera forest and non rhizosphere soil in between Peanut and soybean intercropping has no significant effect on it; the content of A1-P and Fe-P under different cultivation measures were significantly higher than that of O-P and Ca-P, the forest and grass root significantly increased Ca-P content.

【學位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S714;S794.4

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