本文關(guān)鍵詞： 黃土高原 植被類型 土壤水分循環(huán) Hydrus模型　出處：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：黃土高原植被恢復(fù)的主要矛盾是植物耗水和土壤供水之間的矛盾,不同植被利用土壤水分的能力不同,會影響坡地土壤水分的貯存、運(yùn)輸和轉(zhuǎn)化。尤其是對于坡地來講,降雨既是維持植物生長的主要來源,又是土壤侵蝕的主要動力之一。如何根據(jù)天然降水條件,合理規(guī)劃經(jīng)營各種人工植被的布局,一直是黃土高原地區(qū)治理開發(fā)中需要研究解決的問題之一。本文以草地,沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides)、油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)、側(cè)柏(Platycladus orientalis)及其混交林為研究對象,以植物葉面積指數(shù)變化、土壤水分動態(tài)、產(chǎn)流產(chǎn)沙量和蒸散量差異為主要研究內(nèi)容,并利用Hydrus模型模擬草地、沙棘林、油松林、側(cè)柏林土壤水分循環(huán)過程,進(jìn)一步對水量平衡各項進(jìn)行定量分析。得出的主要結(jié)論如下:(1)生長季內(nèi),葉面積指數(shù)(LAI)呈現(xiàn)先增加,到達(dá)最大值時保持相對穩(wěn)定,然后再減小的趨勢。各植被類型LAI大小順序大體呈現(xiàn)喬木混交林喬灌混交林喬木純林灌木純林草地。(2)土壤水分季節(jié)變化規(guī)律與當(dāng)年降雨量的多少及季節(jié)分配有直接關(guān)系,年際間差異較大。草地的速變層和活躍層明顯淺于林地,林地的速變層、活躍層和次活躍層的大致分布在0~70 cm,70~120 cm和120~200 cm處,植被覆蓋土壤200 cm以下土層均屬于相對穩(wěn)定層。(3)不同植被類型徑流系數(shù)的大小順序為喬木林喬木混交林喬灌混交林灌木林草地,不同植被類型侵蝕模數(shù)大小順序與徑流系數(shù)大體一致,即徑流量越大,泥沙量也越多。(4)利用Hydrus模擬四種植被土壤水循環(huán)過程,土壤含水量模擬值與實測值均方根誤差(RMSE)均在0.015~0.063 cm3/cm3之間,模擬精度較高。對比四種植被水量平衡各分量發(fā)現(xiàn),徑流量受飽和導(dǎo)水率(KS)值大小的影響,順序為側(cè)柏林油松林沙棘林草地,說明草地在減少地表徑流方面的作用優(yōu)于其它三種林地;冠層截留與LAI大小相關(guān),順序為油松林沙棘林側(cè)柏林草地;蒸散量大小順序為沙棘林油松林側(cè)柏林草地。蒸散量在水分支出項中占主導(dǎo)作用,因此在進(jìn)行水土流失和荒漠化防治時,要綜合各方面因素選擇最適植被類型,防止產(chǎn)生生物利用型土壤干層。
[Abstract]:The main contradiction in vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau is the contradiction between plant water consumption and soil water supply. Different vegetation has different ability to use soil water, which will affect the storage, transportation and transformation of soil moisture on sloping land, especially for sloping land. Rainfall is not only the main source of plant growth, but also one of the main driving forces of soil erosion. In this paper, grassland, Hippophae rhamnoidesus, Pinus tabulaeformisi, Platycladus orientalis) and their mixed forests were studied. The difference of sediment yield and evapotranspiration was used to simulate the soil water cycle in grassland, Hippophae rhamnoides forest, Pinus tabulaeformis forest and lateral Berlin with Hydrus model. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) during the growing season, the leaf area index (Lai) increased first, and remained relatively stable when the maximum value was reached. The order of LAI of different vegetation types showed that the seasonal variation of soil moisture was directly related to the rainfall and seasonal distribution in the pure forest and shrub pure forest of Arbor and shrub mixed with Arbor and Irrigation, and the order of LAI size of each vegetation type was similar to that of pure forest and grassland in Arbor and shrub mixed forest. The rapid change layer and active layer of grassland are obviously shallower than that of woodland, and the active layer and sub-active layer of forest land are roughly distributed in the area of 070 cm ~ (70) cm ~ (70) ~ (70) ~ (120) cm and 120 ~ (200) cm, respectively. The order of runoff coefficient of different vegetation types is Arbor, Arbor, Arbor, Arbor and Irrigation, shrubbery and grassland. The order of erosion modulus of different vegetation types is roughly consistent with the runoff coefficient, that is, the larger the runoff, the more sediment.) the Hydrus is used to simulate the soil water cycle process of four vegetation. The RMSE of soil moisture content was between 0.015 cm3/cm3 and 0.063 cm3/cm3, and the simulation accuracy was higher. Compared with each component of water balance of four vegetation, it was found that the runoff was affected by the value of saturated water conductivity (KS). The order is that the grassland of Hippophae rhamnoides forest in Pinus tabulaeformis forest is superior to the other three kinds of forest land in reducing surface runoff, and the canopy interception is related to the size of LAI, and the order is the forest side of Berlin grassland of Pinus tabulaeformis forest. The order of evapotranspiration is Berlin grassland of Pinus tabulaeformis forest in Hippophae rhamnoides forest. Evapotranspiration plays a leading role in water expenditure. Therefore, in the process of soil erosion and desertification control, the optimum vegetation type should be selected according to various factors. Prevent the formation of bioavailable dry soil layers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S152.7

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