本文關鍵詞： 風沙土和沖積土 土壤有機碳 穩(wěn)定性 氮肥　出處：《吉林農業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：土壤有機碳是土壤肥力的重要指標,其固定和儲備受土壤有機碳的穩(wěn)定性影響。土壤有機碳穩(wěn)定性是由土壤本身特性與外在的環(huán)境因子相互作用決定的。氮元素與碳元素同為生態(tài)系統中最基本的兩大生命要素,在自然界的循環(huán)過程中不僅各自對全球變暖做出重要貢獻,而且兩者的循環(huán)過程顯著耦合,互相影響各自的作用和效果。因此對不同施氮水平下土壤有機碳穩(wěn)定性的影響進行研究,具有重要的理論和實踐意義。本論文以農田風沙土和沖積土為研究對象,采用大田試驗和室內分析相結合的方法,對不同施氮處理風沙土和沖積土中有機碳總有機碳水溶性有機碳、微生物量碳以及腐殖質的組分及其光譜性質進行研究,從而進一步闡明不同施氮處理對風沙土和沖積土有機碳穩(wěn)定性的影響,為土壤碳庫儲備及有機碳的調控制定有效措施,從而減少土壤中二氧化碳的排放,同時也為實際農業(yè)生產提供技術措施和理論依據。研究結果表明:長期施用不同量的氮肥對土壤有機碳有一定的影響,隨著施用氮肥量的增加,土壤有機碳總量呈現出先增加后降低的趨勢,在沖積土中,當氮肥用量為270kg/hm2時,土壤有機碳含量最高,而風沙土中當氮肥用量為240處kg/hm2時,土壤有機碳的含量最高;隨著氮肥施入,土壤中易氧化有機碳的含量先增加后降低,沖積土中在N168處理時達到最大值為4.54g/kg,風沙土中易氧化有機碳含量最高的處理為N240達到了3.48g/kg。不同用量氮肥對土壤有機碳氧化穩(wěn)定性有一定的影響。風沙土有機碳氧化穩(wěn)定系數在0.43~0.57之間,N270處理氧化穩(wěn)定系數最高位0.75,N168處理氧化穩(wěn)定系數最低位0.43。在沖積土中土壤有機碳氧化穩(wěn)定系數變化區(qū)間為0.29~0.66之間,在N270處理出現最大值0.66,N312處理出現最小值0.29,不同處理間差異顯著(P㩳0.05)。不同施氮水平對水溶性有機碳和微生物量碳有一定影響,風沙土和沖積土均在在N240達到最大。這說明施氮水平對土壤中有機碳活性有影響,在一定范圍內能增加有機碳的活性,但隨著施氮量增加有機碳的活性降低,有機碳的氧化穩(wěn)定性增強,有利于土壤有機碳的固定,氮肥用量過高又會使土壤有機碳的穩(wěn)定性降低。不同用量氮肥處理對土壤腐殖質組成及光學性質有一定的影響。腐殖質中粗胡敏素(HM)含量,在風沙土和沖積土中隨施氮量的增加變化不是很明顯,但也有一定程度的增加;腐殖質(HE)含量測定結果同HM趨勢相同,含量也有小幅度的增加;隨著施氮量的增加,胡敏酸含量有小幅的增加。風沙土和沖積土在N240處理達到最高;富里酸有機碳含量隨著施氮量的增加反而出現了下降,但都在高施氮量時出現了上升,說明施氮量對富里酸含量的相應機制不顯著。在風沙土中,適量的施氮肥能使脂肪族化合物以及多糖類及固醇類物質含量增加;而在沖積土中施入氮肥反而使脂肪族化合物和多糖類以及固醇類物質減少。不同氮肥用量對土壤有機碳化學穩(wěn)定性有一定的影響。不同處理間,經H2SO4水解的風沙土和沖積土N240處理的總可溶性組分含量最高,為2.72g/kg,沖積土較風沙土明顯,HCl水解法獲得的可溶性組分與H2SO4水解法獲得的可溶性組分變化規(guī)律基本一致,但在總體上HCl水解法獲得的總可溶性組分高于H2SO4水解法獲得的總可溶性組分。土壤有機碳活性指數,隨著氮肥用量的增加,表現出先降低的趨勢。風沙土在N0處理有機碳活性指數最大,N270處理最小;沖積土在N240處理最大,N312處理最小。不同用量氮肥處理中,沖積土土壤有機碳難降解指數在N312處理最大,N240處理最小,風沙土中土壤有機碳難降解性指數在N270處理最大,N0處理最小。施用氮肥通過增加土壤活性有機碳含量來增加土壤有機碳的含量,合理的氮肥用量可以使土壤中難降解有機碳指數增加,提高有機碳的化學穩(wěn)定性。因此可以通過合理施用氮肥調控土壤有機碳含量及其穩(wěn)定性。
[Abstract]:Soil organic carbon is an important indicator of soil fertility, which affected the stability of fixation and reserve by soil organic carbon. Soil organic carbon stability by soil characteristics and external environmental factors. The nitrogen and carbon elements with two life the most basic elements of ecological system, in the cycle of nature not only to make an important contribution to their global warming, and the two cycle significant coupling, mutual influence and effect each other. So the research on the effects of different nitrogen levels on soil organic carbon stability, has important theoretical and practical significance. In this paper, the farmland of aeolian sandy soil and alluvial soil as the research object, method based on the field test and laboratory analysis, the different nitrogen treatments of aeolian sandy soil and alluvial soil organic carbon and total organic carbon? Water soluble organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon and Study on composition and spectral properties of humus, so as to further elucidate the effects of different nitrogen treatments on Aeolian Sandy Soil and alluvial soil organic carbon stability, formulate effective measures for the control of soil carbon reserves and organic carbon in the soil, thereby reducing carbon dioxide emissions, as well as the actual agricultural production to provide theoretical basis and technical measures. The results showed that long-term application of different amount of nitrogen fertilizer had some effects on soil organic carbon, with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer amount, soil total organic carbon showed a trend of decrease after the first increase, in the alluvial soil, when nitrogen fertilizer was 270kg/hm2, soil organic carbon content was the highest, and the wind sand when n at the dosage of 240 kg/hm2, the highest content of soil organic carbon; with nitrogen fertilizer, the content of soil labile organic carbon increased and then reduced, alluvial soil in N168 treatment to achieve the most The large value of 4.54g/kg, in sandy soil easily oxidized organic carbon content was the highest in N240 treatment reached 3.48g/kg. different nitrogen fertilizer has certain effects on the oxidation stability of soil organic carbon. Sandy soil organic carbon oxidation stability coefficient between 0.43~0.57, N270 oxidation stability coefficient of the high of 0.75, N168 0.43. in the low oxidation stability coefficient alluvial soil changes in soil organic carbon oxidation stability coefficient range is between 0.29~0.66, in the N270 maximum value of 0.66 N312, the minimum value of 0.29, there were significant differences between different treatments (P? 0.05). Different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on the water has a certain effect of organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon, sandy soil and alluvial soil in the N240 reached the maximum. This shows that the nitrogen level had influence on the activity of soil organic carbon, organic carbon increased activity in a certain range, but with the increase of nitrogen organic carbon activity Reduce, enhance the oxidation stability of organic carbon, is conducive to soil organic carbon fixation, excessive nitrogen fertilizer will make the stability of soil organic carbon decreased. Different amount of nitrogen fertilizer had a certain influence on the composition and optical properties of soil humus. Hu Minsu crude humus (HM) content in aeolian sandy soil and alluvial soil with fertilizer the increase of nitrogen is not obvious changes, but also increased to a certain extent; humus (HE) determination results with HM the same trend, content is also a small increase; with the increase of nitrogen, increase Hu Min acid content with small amplitude. The aeolian sandy soil and alluvial soil treatment reached the highest in N240; fulvic acid organic carbon content with the increase of nitrogen fell, but in high nitrogen when rising, indicating the amount of nitrogen on the corresponding mechanism of fulvic acid was not significant. In the sandy soil, suitable amount of nitrogen fertilizer can make The increase of aliphatic compounds and polysaccharides and steroids content; while in alluvial soil nitrogen fertilizer instead of aliphatic compounds and polysaccharides, steroids reduce. Nitrogen fertilizer had a certain influence on the stability of soil organic carbon chemistry. Among the different treatments, the wind sand soil and alluvial soil total soluble N240 treatment group H2SO4 the hydrolysis of 2.72g/kg, the highest content was significantly higher than alluvial soil sandy soil, soluble group group HCl soluble hydrolysis and hydrolysis of H2SO4 to obtain the variation of basically the same, but the total soluble group HCl hydrolysis in the whole of the total soluble group was higher than that of H2SO4 hydrolysis obtained. Soil organic carbon activity index, with the increase of amount of nitrogen, shows a decreasing trend. Soil organic carbon activity in the N0 index is the largest, the lowest in N270 treatment; alluvial soil in N240 at most Large, N312 treatment is the lowest. Different amount of nitrogen fertilizer, soil organic carbon alluvial refractory index in N312 treatment, N240 treatment is the lowest in sandy soil, soil organic carbon refractory index in N270 treatment, N0 treatment is the lowest. Nitrogen fertilizer by increasing the activity of soil organic carbon content to increase the content of soil organic carbon the reasonable amount of nitrogen fertilizer can make soil refractory organic carbon index increase, improve the chemical stability of organic carbon. Therefore the soil organic carbon content regulation of reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer and its stability.

【學位授予單位】：吉林農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S153.6

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