發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-26 13:12

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 秸稈還田 甲螨 跳蟲 群落結(jié)構(gòu) 聚類分析 指示分析　出處：《青島大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：秸稈還田是農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)管理的重要措施。秸稈既是土壤動(dòng)物的生境,也是重要的食物來源。為探討秸稈還田對農(nóng)田土壤甲螨、跳蟲群落結(jié)構(gòu)的影響,以東北黑土區(qū)秸稈還田4年(SR4)、秸稈還田10年(SR10)和無秸稈還田(CK)樣地土壤為研究對象,采用改良的Tullgren漏斗法于2014年6月和10月、2015年6月和10月對土壤甲螨群落結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行研究,于2014年7月、2014年10月和2015年5月對土壤跳蟲群落結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行研究。甲螨研究結(jié)果表明:4個(gè)采樣時(shí)期共捕獲土壤螨類11366只,其中甲螨8373只,占73.67%。SR4、SR10和CK中,甲螨的分布密度分別為13774只/m2、11946只/m2和5871只/m2,分別隸屬于15屬、12屬和7屬;秸稈還田(F=81.954,P0.001)、季節(jié)(F=56.649,P0.001)、秸稈還田和季節(jié)交互作用(F=11.289,P0.001)都對土壤甲螨個(gè)體數(shù)量有顯著性影響,而對甲螨類群數(shù)影響不顯著;秸稈還田能夠顯著影響甲螨群落的豐富度指數(shù)、均勻度指數(shù)、多樣性指數(shù)、優(yōu)勢度指數(shù)和密度-類群指數(shù);季節(jié)動(dòng)態(tài)上,表現(xiàn)出秋季甲螨分布密度普遍高于夏季。聚類分析也表明秸稈還田黑土農(nóng)田系統(tǒng)中甲螨群落組成(SR4與SR10)與傳統(tǒng)耕作(CK)顯著不同,而秸稈還田4年(SR4)和10年(SR10)處理的差異不明顯。跳蟲研究結(jié)果表明:研究區(qū)2014年7月和10月、2015年5月三個(gè)時(shí)期共捕獲6935只跳蟲,其中SR4、SR10和CK的分布密度分別為10807只/m2、16673只/m2、9256只/m2,分別隸屬于20屬、20屬和17屬;秸稈還田(F=60.85,p0.001)、季節(jié)(F=36.561,p0.001)、秸稈還田和季節(jié)交互作用(F=3.94,p=0.018)對跳蟲分布密度有顯著性影響,而類群數(shù)受秸稈還田(F=15.344,p0.001)和季節(jié)(F=10.178,p=0.001)影響顯著;通過物種指示值分析得到了三種農(nóng)田類型的指示物種,SR10(等節(jié)跳科、球角跳科、疣跳科、棘跳科和土跳科)、SR4(長角跳科和等節(jié)跳科)和CK(圓跳科)。秸稈還田顯著影響豐富度指數(shù)、均勻度指數(shù)和密度-類群指數(shù)。綜上,秸稈還田有利于提高土壤甲螨、跳蟲群落結(jié)構(gòu)多樣性和密度,對土壤甲螨及跳蟲具有重要的保育作用,有利于農(nóng)田土壤生態(tài)環(huán)境的保護(hù)和土壤肥力提升。
[Abstract]:Straw returning to farmland is an important measure for farmland ecosystem management. Straw is not only the habitat of soil animals but also an important food source. The soil structure of the acaroid mites was studied by improved Tullgren funnel method in the soil samples of four years of straw returning to the field (SR4), straw returning to the field for 10 years (SR10) and no straw returning to the field (CK). The improved Tullgren funnel method was used to study the structure of soil demodex community in June 2014 and October, June 2015 and October respectively. In July 2014, October 2014 and May 2015, the community structure of soil trematophytes was studied. The results showed that 11366 soil mites were captured in four sampling periods, of which 8373,73.67. SR4 SR10 and CK. The distribution densities of the mites were 13774 / m ~ (2) / m ~ (2) / m ~ (2) and 5 871 / m ~ (2), respectively, belonging to 15 genera, 12 genera and 7 genera, respectively, and the return of straw to the field was 81.954% (P 0.001), the season was 56.649% (P _ (0.001)), and the interaction of straw and season was F _ (11.289) (P _ (0.001)). But it had no significant effect on the number of species of the mites, and returning straw to the field could significantly affect the richness index, evenness index, diversity index, dominance index and density-group index of the community. Cluster analysis also showed that the composition of acaroid community in black soil system was significantly different from that in traditional tillage (CK). However, there was no significant difference between the treatments of SR4 (4 years) and SR10 (10 years) of straw returning to the field. The results of the study showed that 6935 individuals were captured in the three periods of July 2014 and October and May 2015 in the study area. The distribution densities of SR10 and CK were 10807 / m ~ (2), 16673 / m ~ (-2) / m ~ (2) / m ~ (2), respectively, belonging to 20 genera and 20 genera / m ~ (2), respectively, respectively, and F60.85% (p 0.001), F ~ (36. 561) P _ (0.001), F ~ (3. 94) P ~ (0.018), respectively. But the number of species was significantly affected by the return of straw to the field (F _ (15.344) p _ (0.001)) and the season _ (F _ (10) ~ (178) P ~ (0.001)), and through the analysis of the species indicator values, three types of indicating species of cropland were obtained, I. e., Isonophyllidae, Cynophyllidae, Verrucaceae, and so on. SR4 and CK.Straw returning to the field significantly affected the richness index, evenness index and density-group index. In summary, returning straw to the field was beneficial to the improvement of the soil acaroid mites. The diversity and density of the community structure play an important role in the conservation of soil beetle mites and jumpers, which is beneficial to the protection of soil ecological environment and the improvement of soil fertility.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青島大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S141.4;S154

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