本文關(guān)鍵詞： 生態(tài)系統(tǒng) 土壤保持功能 響應(yīng) 長(zhǎng)汀縣　出處：《生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào)》2017年01期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：人類活動(dòng)直接影響生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的變化,而生態(tài)系統(tǒng)變化又改變著其土壤保持功能。通過對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)及其土壤保持量變化的對(duì)比分析可以發(fā)現(xiàn)兩者間響應(yīng)機(jī)制,分析水土保持工作的得失,并進(jìn)而為下一步治理提供指導(dǎo)�；趀 Cognition平臺(tái)利用landsat影像解釋出長(zhǎng)汀縣2000、2010和2016年的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)類型,并利用RULSE模型定量評(píng)估土壤保持功能,探討土壤保持量相對(duì)于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)變化的響應(yīng)規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明:2000—2016年間,長(zhǎng)汀縣生態(tài)系統(tǒng)變化主要表現(xiàn)為兩大特征:其一是低覆蓋類型向高覆蓋類型轉(zhuǎn)變,表現(xiàn)為稀疏林大量地轉(zhuǎn)為常綠闊葉林和常綠針葉林,研究期內(nèi)稀疏林減少14729.38hm~2(減幅56.75%),而常綠闊葉林和常綠針葉林分別增加6791.50hm~2(增幅23.21%)、10228.07hm~2(增幅5.80%);其二是受經(jīng)濟(jì)利益驅(qū)動(dòng),大量耕地和常綠針葉林轉(zhuǎn)為城鎮(zhèn)和茶果園,研究期內(nèi)城鎮(zhèn)、茶果園分別增加4469.14hm~2(增幅85.43%)、1949.32hm~2(增幅69.38%)。研究期內(nèi)全縣土壤保持量顯著提高,單位面積土壤保持量從2000年217.32t hm~(-2)a~(-1)提高2016年246.02t hm~(-2)a~(-1)。各生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中,常綠闊葉灌叢和常綠闊葉林土壤功能最強(qiáng),單位面積土壤保持量大于277t hm~(-2)a~(-1),而城鎮(zhèn)土壤保護(hù)功能最弱,單位面積土壤保持量低于65t hm~(-2)a~(-1);研究期內(nèi)大部分生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的土壤保持能力有不同程度提高,只有城鎮(zhèn)和茶果園下降,單位面積土壤保持量分別減小21.03t hm~(-2)a~(-1)和16.74t hm~(-2)a~(-1),這說明城鎮(zhèn)和茶果園迅速擴(kuò)張可能引發(fā)新的水土流失。從空間上看,土壤保持量提高的區(qū)域占全縣96.5%,其中東北部森林區(qū)和中南部增幅最顯著,說明了十幾年的水土流失綜合治理工作極具成效;另一方面土壤保持量下降的區(qū)域散布于人類活動(dòng)較頻繁的各個(gè)山間盆谷,其中汀州、大同最為集中,迅速的城鎮(zhèn)化與茶果園開發(fā)是造成保土功能下降的主要原因。
[Abstract]:Human activities directly affect ecosystem changes, which in turn change the soil conservation function. Through the comparative analysis of the ecosystem and its soil conservation changes, we can find the response mechanism between the two. This paper analyzed the gain and loss of soil and water conservation work, and provided guidance for the next step management. Based on e Cognition platform, the ecosystem types of Changting County in 2010 and 2016 were explained by using landsat images, and the soil conservation function was evaluated quantitatively by RULSE model. The response of soil conservation to ecosystem change was studied. The results showed that the ecosystem changes in Changting County from 2000 to 2016 were mainly characterized by two characteristics: one was the transition from low cover type to high cover type. During the study period, the sparse forest decreased by 14729.38 hmm-2 (by 56.75), while the evergreen broad-leaved forest and evergreen coniferous forest increased by 6791.50 hmm-2 (23.21 ~ 10228.07hm2) (an increase of 5.80hm2) during the study period, and the second was driven by economic benefits. A large number of cultivated land and evergreen coniferous forests were converted into towns and tea orchards. During the study period, the number of tea orchards in towns and towns increased respectively by 4469.14hmm-2 (85.43%) and 1949.32hmm2 (increase rate 69.38%). During the period of study, the amount of soil conservation in the whole county increased significantly. Soil conservation per unit area was increased from 217.32t / hm ~ (-1) to 246.02t / h ~ (-1) on 2016. The soil function of evergreen broadleaved thickets and evergreen broad-leaved forests was the strongest, and the soil conservation per unit area was more than 277t / hm ~ (-1), but the function of urban soil protection was the weakest. The soil conservation capacity per unit area was less than 65t / hm ~ (-1). The soil conservation capacity of most ecosystems increased in varying degrees during the study period, but only decreased in towns and tea orchards. Soil conservation per unit area decreased by 21.03 t / hm ~ (-1) and 16.74 t / h ~ (-1) respectively, indicating that the rapid expansion of towns and tea orchards may lead to new soil erosion. The area where soil conservation increased accounted for 96.5% of the whole county, of which the increase of forest region and central and southern forest region in the northeast was the most significant, which indicated that the comprehensive control work of soil and water loss in more than ten years was very effective. On the other hand, the region of decreasing soil conservation is scattered in various mountain basins and valleys where human activities are more frequent, among which Ting Zhou and Datong are the most concentrated. Rapid urbanization and tea orchard development are the main reasons for the decline of soil conservation function.
【作者單位】： 福建師范大學(xué)地理科學(xué)學(xué)院;福建師范大學(xué)濕潤(rùn)亞熱帶山地生態(tài)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室培育基地;
【基金】：福建省自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(2016J01183)
【分類號(hào)】：S157;S127

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

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本文編號(hào)：1533956