本文關(guān)鍵詞： 蚯蚓糞 拮抗菌 植物病原菌 脂肽類粗提取物 揮發(fā)性物質(zhì)　出處：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報》2017年01期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：[目的]從蚯蚓糞中篩選廣譜拮抗植物病菌的細(xì)菌并應(yīng)用于生物防治,同時對它的抑菌機(jī)制進(jìn)行初步探究。[方法]以10種病原真菌為靶菌,采用梯度稀釋法和平板對峙法對蚯蚓糞中的拮抗菌進(jìn)行初篩和復(fù)篩,并結(jié)合形態(tài)學(xué)特征、生理生化指標(biāo)和16S rDNA基因序列對拮抗菌進(jìn)行初步鑒定;采用生長速率法測定菌株及其脂肽類提取物的拮抗活性;通過平板倒扣法測定菌株產(chǎn)揮發(fā)性物質(zhì)(VOCs)抑制病原菌菌絲生長的效果。[結(jié)果]篩選出拮抗水稻紋枯病菌、黃瓜枯萎病菌、桃潰瘍病菌和灰霉病菌的拮抗細(xì)菌分別為12、21、3和3株。其中,菌株M29(Gen Bank登錄號:KU870670)能夠有效且強(qiáng)烈地抑制灰霉等10種病原菌,對水稻紋枯病菌、大麗輪枝病菌和灰霉病菌的抑制率分別高達(dá)95%、91%和89%。結(jié)合形態(tài)學(xué)特征、生理生化指標(biāo)和16S rDNA基因序列分析,初步鑒定菌株M29為枯草芽孢桿菌(Bacillus subtilis)。菌株M29產(chǎn)生的脂肽類粗提取物對桃潰瘍病菌的抑制率高達(dá)97%;產(chǎn)生的VOCs對大麗輪枝病菌的抑制率達(dá)65%,且VOCs不僅能明顯抑制煙曲霉孢子的生長,還可抑制多種病原菌色素的產(chǎn)生。[結(jié)論]枯草芽孢桿菌M29菌株具有較高的廣譜拮抗病原真菌的能力,在植物真菌病害生物防控中具有潛在的應(yīng)用價值。
[Abstract]:[objective] to screen broad-spectrum antagonistic bacteria from earthworm dung and to apply them to biological control, and to explore the bacteriostatic mechanism. [methods] Ten pathogenic fungi were used as target bacteria. The antagonistic bacteria in earthworm feces were screened by gradient dilution method and plate confrontation method, and the antagonistic bacteria were preliminarily identified by combining with morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical indexes and 16s rDNA gene sequence. The antagonistic activity of the strain and its lipopeptide extracts was determined by growth rate method, and the inhibitory effect of the volatile substance (VOCs) on the growth of pathogenic mycelium was determined by plate inversion method. [results] the antagonistic bacteria against Rhizoctonia solani were screened out. The antagonistic bacteria of cucumber wilt, peach canker and cinerea were 1221t3 and 3, respectively. Among them, strain M29AGen Bank accession number: KU870670) could effectively and strongly inhibit 10 kinds of pathogenic bacteria, such as Ash, etc., to rice sheath blight. The inhibition rates of C. dahliensis and C. cinerea were as high as 95% and 89%, respectively. Combined with morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical indexes and 16s rDNA gene sequence analysis, the inhibition rate of Rhizoma dahliae and C. cinerea were 95% and 89%, respectively. Strain M29 was identified as Bacillus subtilisus. The inhibition rate of crude lipopeptide extracts from strain M29 was as high as 97%, and the inhibition rate of VOCs against Armillaria grandis reached 65%, and VOCs not only inhibited the growth of Aspergillus fumigatus spores, but also inhibited the growth of Aspergillus fumigatus spores. Conclusion Bacillus subtilis strain M29 has high broad-spectrum antagonistic ability against pathogenic fungi and has potential application value in biological control of plant fungal diseases.
【作者單位】： 南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)資源與環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)院;江蘇省有機(jī)固體廢棄物資源化協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心;
【基金】：國家公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(201503121) 國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFD0200106) 農(nóng)業(yè)部引進(jìn)國際先進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)技術(shù)計劃(2015-Z42)
【分類號】：S476.1

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