本文關(guān)鍵詞： 蓄水坑灌 坑口直徑 覆蓋 土壤溫度　出處：《太原理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在冬季低溫季節(jié)，土壤的溫度對(duì)果樹有著非常重要的作用，因?yàn)橥寥罍囟戎苯佑绊懙街参锏母瞪L(zhǎng)，如果土壤溫度過(guò)低，會(huì)對(duì)植物根系造成損害，甚至使其死亡，造成較大的損失。因而，冬季土壤溫度的高低，成了果樹能否安全過(guò)冬的重要因素。 蓄水坑灌法是針對(duì)我國(guó)北方山丘果林地區(qū)的干旱和水土流失問(wèn)題而提出的一種節(jié)水灌溉措施，蓄水坑灌條件下由于蓄水坑的布設(shè)，增加了根區(qū)中深層土壤的臨空面，改善了通氣條件，并使根區(qū)土壤剖面溫度分布特征發(fā)生變化，尤其在冬季低溫季節(jié)，果樹能否安全越冬，是蓄水坑灌法能否推廣應(yīng)用的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題之一。因此，本論文將對(duì)越冬期間蓄水坑灌土壤溫度分布特征進(jìn)行研究，為蓄水坑灌法推廣應(yīng)用提供技術(shù)支撐。 論文采用田間試驗(yàn)與理論分析相結(jié)合的方法，對(duì)不同坑口結(jié)構(gòu)和覆蓋條件下蓄水坑土壤溫度的分布規(guī)律進(jìn)行分析，主要研究結(jié)果如下： (1)蓄水坑坑內(nèi)空氣溫度與大氣溫度變化趨勢(shì)一致，隨著大氣溫度的升高而升高，降低而降低。從6：00—18：00之間，溫度先增大后減小。在6：00和18：00時(shí)，蓄水坑坑內(nèi)空氣溫度要大于大氣溫度，且大氣溫度小于無(wú)覆蓋蓄水坑坑內(nèi)空氣溫度，無(wú)覆蓋坑內(nèi)空氣溫度小于有覆蓋蓄水坑坑內(nèi)空氣溫度，而在12：00時(shí)，正好相反，坑內(nèi)空氣溫度要小于大氣溫度，大氣溫度大于無(wú)保溫層覆蓋蓄水坑坑內(nèi)空氣溫度大于有保溫層覆蓋蓄水坑坑內(nèi)空氣溫度。 (2)蓄水坑坑內(nèi)空氣溫度日溫差隨蓄水坑坑口直徑的減小而減小；大氣 溫度與坑內(nèi)空氣溫度差值，會(huì)隨著坑口直徑的減小而增加，溫度差值的增速隨著坑口直徑的減小而減�。挥锌涌诟采w的坑內(nèi)空氣溫度的日溫差要小于無(wú)坑口覆蓋的坑內(nèi)空氣溫度的日溫差；大氣溫度與有坑口覆蓋的坑內(nèi)空氣溫度差值要大于大氣溫度與無(wú)坑口覆蓋下坑內(nèi)空氣溫度的差值。 (3)蓄水坑土壤溫度包括蓄水坑地表土壤溫度、蓄水坑坑壁土壤溫度和蓄水坑坑底土壤溫度。蓄水坑土壤溫度在大氣溫度的影響下，隨著大氣溫度的升高而升高，降低而降低，在6：00—18：00之間，溫度先增大后減小。地表土壤溫度、蓄水坑坑壁土壤溫度和蓄水坑坑底土壤溫度變化相似在6：00和18：00時(shí)，地表土壤溫度要大于大氣溫度，且隨著土壤深度的增加而增加，在5cm—15cm之間，溫度隨土壤深度增加的幅度明顯，在15cm—25cm之間，溫度隨土壤深度增加的幅度不明顯，，溫度基本保持穩(wěn)定。在12：00時(shí)，地表土壤溫度要小于大氣溫度，土壤溫度隨著土壤深度的增加而減小，在5cm—15cm之間，溫度隨土壤深度減小的幅度明顯，在15cm—25cm之間，溫度隨土壤深度減小的幅度不明顯，溫度基本保持穩(wěn)定。隨著土壤深度的增加，蓄水坑土壤溫度的日變化幅度逐漸減小，在5cm到15cm內(nèi)日變化明顯，在15cm—25cm內(nèi)日變化不明顯，基本穩(wěn)定。另外，對(duì)于蓄水坑坑壁土壤溫度，在距離地表20cm處坑壁土壤溫度與40cm處坑壁土壤溫度相比，隨土壤深度變化的幅度和日變化幅度整體要略大。 (4)隨著坑口直徑的減小，蓄水坑坑內(nèi)土壤溫度（蓄水坑坑壁土壤溫度和蓄水坑坑底土壤溫度）隨土壤深度的溫度變化值，會(huì)減小；日變化幅度也會(huì)隨著減小。 (5)有保溫層覆蓋蓄水坑坑內(nèi)土壤溫度隨土壤深度的溫度變化值要小于無(wú)保溫層覆蓋的土壤溫度變化值；有保溫層蓄水坑坑內(nèi)土壤溫度日變化幅度要小于無(wú)保溫層土壤溫度的變化幅度。
[Abstract]:In winter low temperature season , the soil temperature plays an important role in fruit trees , because soil temperature directly affects the root growth of plants . If soil temperature is too low , damage to the root system of plants can be caused , and even death is caused . Therefore , the soil temperature in winter is an important factor in the safety and winter of fruit trees . The water - saving pit irrigation method is a kind of water - saving irrigation measures proposed for the problems of drought and soil erosion in the forest region of the northern hillock in northern China . Under the condition of water storage pit irrigation , due to the layout of the water storage pit , the temperature distribution of the soil profile in the root zone is changed , especially in the winter low - temperature season , whether the fruit tree can be safely overwinter is one of the key problems in the popularization and application of the water storage pit irrigation method . Therefore , the present paper will provide technical support for the popularization and application of the water storage pit irrigation method . Based on the combination of field test and theoretical analysis , the distribution law of soil temperature of water storage pit under different pit structure and covering condition is analyzed . The main results are as follows : ( 1 ) the air temperature in the water storage pit is consistent with the change trend of the atmospheric temperature , and the temperature of the air in the water storage pit is reduced as the atmospheric temperature rises . ( 2 ) the daily temperature difference of air temperature in the water storage pit is reduced with the decrease of the diameter of the water storage pit mouth ; the atmosphere The difference between the temperature and the air temperature in the pit increases with the decrease of the diameter of the pit , and the increase of the temperature difference is reduced with the decrease of the diameter of the pit ; the daily temperature difference of the air temperature in the pit covered by the pit is less than the daily temperature difference of the air temperature in the pit covered by the pit ; and the difference between the air temperature and the air temperature in the pit covered by the pit is greater than the difference between the atmospheric temperature and the air temperature in the pit . ( 3 ) The soil temperature of the water storage pit includes the surface soil temperature of the water storage pit , the soil temperature of the water storage pit wall and the bottom soil temperature of the water storage pit . ( 4 ) With the decrease of the diameter of the pit , the soil temperature ( soil temperature and soil temperature at the bottom of the water storage pit ) of the water storage pit will decrease with the change of the soil depth . ( 5 ) the temperature change value of the soil temperature with the depth of the soil is smaller than that of the soil temperature change value covered by the non - insulating layer ; and the variation amplitude of the soil temperature in the water storage pit of the thermal insulation layer is smaller than that of the soil temperature of the non - insulating layer .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S152.8

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