發(fā)布時間：2018-02-08 17:10

  本文關鍵詞： 宅基地 復墾 培肥 紫色土 土壤肥力　出處：《西南大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：宅基地復墾土壤因磚頭石塊多、物理結構破壞嚴重,土壤養(yǎng)分狀況差,土壤產(chǎn)出率低,故復墾后的耕地地力較差,很難被直接利用。因此,本研究實地調(diào)查并分析了重慶云陽縣、涪陵區(qū)、銅梁區(qū)的宅基地復墾耕地質(zhì)量現(xiàn)狀；并以銅梁區(qū)宅基地復墾耕地為研究對象,通過大田試驗,研究并分析了不同培肥方式下,復墾土壤物理、化學、生物等性質(zhì)的變化；采用因子分析法,結合作物的產(chǎn)量和經(jīng)濟效益,進一步綜合評價了不同培肥方式對宅基地復墾土壤培肥效益；以期選取較優(yōu)的培肥方式,對宅基地復墾后的地力提升技術具有重大的現(xiàn)實意義,并為復墾耕地地力的提升提供科學依據(jù)。(1)根據(jù)調(diào)查研究發(fā)現(xiàn),重慶銅梁區(qū)宅基地復墾后的土層厚度最厚；云陽縣宅基地復墾耕地的礫石含量普遍偏高,銅梁區(qū)的最低,三個區(qū)縣宅基地復墾后土壤礫石含量的空間差異均較為明顯,其中涪陵區(qū)變異系數(shù)最高。復墾宅基地耕地的土壤有機質(zhì)含量偏低,堿解氮的含量適中,速效鉀含量整體偏高,有效磷含量普遍偏低。復墾后的土壤有機質(zhì)及有效養(yǎng)分含量空間差異明顯,均處于中高度變異。重慶市三個區(qū)縣宅基地復墾后的耕地利用模式和耕地利用率存在差異,其中云陽縣復墾片塊未利用的程度最高(2)不同培肥方式對宅基地復墾后土壤的物理性狀存在不同的影響。在整個培肥試驗結束后,NS(L)處理能有效降低土壤容重,提高孔隙度。與CK相較,各培肥方式土壤含水率總體呈上升趨勢,而隨著試驗時間的增加,NS(L)處理的土壤含水率較第一季增加量最大,為15.6%。在短時間內(nèi),施用有機肥培肥的處理(M、NM、MA、NM(L))較其他培肥處理(NS、NS(L)、B)能更有效地降低土壤礫石含量,其中壟作模式下化肥配施有機肥處理的效果最佳。有機肥培肥方式在短時間內(nèi)能有效增加宅基地復墾后的0.25 mm土壤團聚體水穩(wěn)定性,含量為26.50%-27.83%,特別是壟作條件下有機肥配施化肥的培肥方式。(3)不同培肥方式對宅基地復墾后土壤的化學性狀存在差異。對土壤pH值而言,在短時間內(nèi),有機肥培肥方式能夠有效地降低土壤pH值,其中NM(L)處理的最低,較CK降低了1.6%；而灰渣培肥方式較CK提高了4.5%。與基土相比,各培肥方式有效提高了宅基地復墾土壤有機質(zhì)的含量；第二季培肥結束后,M、NM、NM(L)、NS(L)、NS、MA處理的土壤有機質(zhì)含量較CK增加了0.04～1.66g/kg。對土壤養(yǎng)分全量而言,與基土相比,除B處理土壤全磷含量下降了8.8%外,不同培肥處理的土壤全氮、全磷、全鉀均有不同程度的增加。連續(xù)兩季培肥試驗結束后,M、NM(L)、NS(L)處理都提高了耕層土壤全氮含量；在短時間內(nèi),有機肥培肥方式較其他方式能有效提高土壤全磷含量,在整個培肥試驗后,有機肥配施灰渣(MA)處理較其他培肥方式更有助于提高土壤全磷含量；不同培肥方式對土壤全鉀含量的影響不明顯。各培肥方式下宅基地復墾土壤堿解氮、有效磷、速效鉀較基土皆有提高。與CK相比,NM(L)處理有效提高了土壤的堿解氮含量。對有效磷而言,兩季培肥試驗結束后,有機肥培肥方式(M、NM、NM(L))較CK增加了19%-28%,且單施有機肥效果最優(yōu),而長期單施化肥(CK)不利于土壤中有效磷的累積。有機肥培肥方式、秸稈覆蓋培肥方式、生物有機肥培肥方式有利于耕層土壤速效鉀的累積,特別是秸稈覆蓋培肥效果更佳。(4)兩季培肥試驗結束后,單施化肥不利于土壤微量元素的累積,在壟作條件下,化肥配施有機肥在短時間內(nèi)較其他培肥措施能更有效地增加土壤中微量元素的含量。(5)不同培肥方式對土壤微生物量碳、氮的影響存在差異。第一季培肥試驗后,NM(L)、M、MA、NS(L)、NS、NM處理的土壤微生物量碳較CK顯著增加了50.74-139.38mg/kg,其中有機肥培肥方式效果最佳；與CK相比,NM(L)處理的土壤微生物量氮顯著增加了64.8%(p0.05)；由于氣候的原因,第二季培肥試驗結束后土壤微生物量碳、氮下降,但NM(L)處理的土壤微生物量碳、氮較CK顯著提高了101.7%、40.1%(pp0.05)�？傮w上,壟作模式下化肥配施有機肥的培肥方式較其他培肥方式的效果更佳,其次為化肥配施有機肥的培肥方式。(6)第一季培肥結束后,NM(L)處理的土壤脲酶活性最高,第二季作物收獲時值8月,氣溫過高,抑制了尿酶活性,其中MA處理有效減緩了土壤尿酶活性的下降。與CK相比,有機肥培肥方式(M、NM、NM(L))的土壤磷酸活性有顯著提高。兩季培肥試驗中,有機肥培肥方式增加了土壤過氧化氫酶活性,隨著試驗時間的增加,MA處理有利于促進土壤過氧化氫酶的活性,較第一季提高了13.6%。(7)培肥試驗結束后,壟作的種植模式下,不管是施有機肥還是秸稈覆蓋都能達到較好的增產(chǎn)效果,而壟作模式下施有機肥的效果更優(yōu)。同時NM(L)處理經(jīng)濟效益達最大值。(8)土壤肥力質(zhì)量綜合得分的排序為NM(L)NS(L)NMMMANSB CK, B處理的綜合得分略高于CK,可見單施化肥是最不利于土壤肥力質(zhì)量提高的培肥方式,而B處理也沒有達到預期的培肥效果。通過與不同培肥方式下宅基地復墾耕地油菜、玉米的產(chǎn)量做對比發(fā)現(xiàn),產(chǎn)量較高的是NM(L)和NS(L),這與不同培肥處理下土壤肥力綜合得分的變化趨勢基本吻合。通過大田試驗發(fā)現(xiàn),壟作種植模式下,化肥配施有機肥是較好的快速培肥方式。
[Abstract]:The homestead reclamation soil because of brick and stone, physical structure destruction, soil nutrient poor soil, low yield, so after reclamation of cultivated land fertility is poor, it is difficult to be used directly. Therefore, the study of on-the-spot investigation and analysis of the Fuling Chongqing District, Yunyang County, Tongliang district status of homestead reclamation of cultivated land quality; taking Tongliang district land reclamation of cultivated land as the research object, through field experiments, research and analysis of different fertilizer treatments, soil physical and chemical changes, reclamation, biological properties; by using factor analysis method, combined with crop yield and economic benefits, further comprehensive evaluation of different fertilizer treatments on the Homestead reclamation soil fertility benefits; in order to select the optimal fertilization mode, it has important realistic meaning for the land after reclamation and reclamation technology for improvement of soil fertility, improve the cultivated land fertility and provide a scientific basis. (1) according to the regulation The investigation found that the thickness of soil reclamation in Chongqing District of Tongliang homestead after the most thick; Yunyang county land reclamation of arable land gravel was generally high, Tongliang district is the lowest, three county land reclamation soil gravel content spatial differences are obvious, especially in Fuling district. The coefficient of variation of the highest content of soil organic matter is low land reclamation of cultivated land, moderate alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen content, available potassium content of the whole high effective phosphorus content is generally low. The spatial difference of soil organic matter and nutrient content after reclamation is obvious, are highly variable. The utilization rate of different modes and cultivated land of three counties of Homestead reclamation after cultivated land use in Chongqing city Yunyang County, the reclamation of unused pieces is highest (2) effects of different fertilizer treatments on soil physical properties of different land after reclamation. At the end of the experiment after fertilization, NS ( L) treatment can effectively reduce soil bulk density, increased the porosity. Compared with CK, the fertilizer soil water content rate of the overall upward trend, with the increase of test time, NS (L) soil water treatment rate over the first quarter increase in the largest amount of 15.6%. in a short period of time, treatment with organic fertilizer the (M, NM, MA, NM (L)) than other fertilizer treatments (NS, NS, B (L)) can more effectively reduce the soil gravel content, the ridge pattern of chemical and organic fertilizer treatment showed the best effect. The organic fertilizer of the way in a short time be able to effectively increase the homestead after reclamation of 0.25 mm soil aggregate water stability, especially the content of 26.50%-27.83%, organic fertilizer and tillage conditions fertilizer fertilizer. (3) different fertilizations on land reclamation soil chemical properties are different. The pH value of the soil, in a short period of time, organic fertilizer fertilizer effectively 鍦伴檷浣庡湡澹H鍊，

本文編號：1495943