本文關(guān)鍵詞： DOM 四環(huán)素 模擬太陽(yáng)光 光降解　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的快速發(fā)展，畜禽糞便產(chǎn)生量逐年增大，未經(jīng)處理的畜禽糞便中含有高濃度的溶解性有機(jī)質(zhì)（Dissolved organic matter，DOM）和未被完全吸收的抗生素，這些物質(zhì)可以通過(guò)浸出、淋溶等過(guò)程進(jìn)入環(huán)境。DOM是一種性質(zhì)活潑的混合物，自身可以發(fā)生光降解，對(duì)水體環(huán)境中其它污染物的光化學(xué)過(guò)程也具有重要影響。同時(shí)，抗生素及其代謝物具有高度親水性和生物穩(wěn)定性，可在環(huán)境中遷移和蓄積，影響人體健康。因此，研究畜禽糞便DOM以及抗生素在環(huán)境中的光降解行為具有重要意義。 本論文以大型養(yǎng)雞場(chǎng)雞糞為DOM來(lái)源，研究了DOM在水相和冰相中的光降解行為，以及光降解前后DOM的性質(zhì)變化；考查了DOM的光降解對(duì)DOM與Cu2+、Zn2+結(jié)合性的影響；以應(yīng)用最為廣泛的抗生素——四環(huán)素（Tetracycline，TC）為代表，研究了其在水相和冰相中的光降解行為，，以及DOM對(duì)TC光降解的影響。論文主要得到如下結(jié)論： （1）在水相+模擬太陽(yáng)光體系，DOM在5～40mg/L范圍內(nèi)，其光降解率先增大后減小，且濃度為20mg/L的DOM有最大光降解率；酸性和堿性條件均抑制了DOM的光降解；提高溫度有利于DOM的光降解。 （2）紫外光作用下，在水相中，20mg/L DOM光照48h降解率達(dá)85%。然而，在模擬太陽(yáng)光作用下，無(wú)論在水相還是冰相中，DOM光解均非常緩慢，光照48h降解率只有7.2%和4.5%。 （3）在水相+紫外光和水相+模擬太陽(yáng)光體系中，隨光照時(shí)間的增加，DOM的芳香度降低，且腐殖類(lèi)物質(zhì)和類(lèi)富里酸物質(zhì)含量減少；在冰相中，經(jīng)模擬太陽(yáng)光照，凍融作用令DOM的芳香度有所下降。 （4）在三個(gè)體系下，DOM溶液的pH均隨光照時(shí)間的增加而減小，但在水相+紫外光體系中，pH減小幅度比另外兩個(gè)體系大。 （5）在水相+紫外光、水相+模擬太陽(yáng)光體系中，DOM經(jīng)光照后，分子量35000Da部分的含量均有所減少，而中等分子量和小分子量部分的總含量均有所增加，尤其是在紫外光條件，分子量35000Da部分的含量減少更明顯，而在冰相+模擬太陽(yáng)光體系中DOM的分子量分布并無(wú)明顯變化。 （6）在水相+模擬太陽(yáng)光和水相+紫外光體系中，DOM與Cu2+、Zn2+的結(jié)合性均隨光照時(shí)間增加明顯下降，而在冰相+模擬太陽(yáng)光體系中的結(jié)合性無(wú)明顯變化。 （7）5～40mg/L TC在水相+模擬太陽(yáng)光和冰相+模擬太陽(yáng)光體系中的光降解均符合一級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)方程，且在前一體系下的降解率明顯高于后一體系。 （8）DOM的加入均促進(jìn)了20mg/LTC在兩個(gè)體系中的光降解，但對(duì)冰相+模擬太陽(yáng)光體系中TC的光降解的促進(jìn)作用更為明顯，且經(jīng)不同光照時(shí)間后的DOM對(duì)TC光降解的促進(jìn)作用也并不相同。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of livestock and poultry breeding industry, the amount of animal manure production is increasing year by year. Untreated animal feces contain high concentrations of dissolved organic matter (dissolved organic matterus) and antibiotics that have not been completely absorbed. These substances can be leached, leaching and other processes into the environment. Dom is a kind of active mixture, which can be photodegraded by itself. At the same time, antibiotics and their metabolites are highly hydrophilic and biostable, and can be transported and accumulated in the environment. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the photodegradation of DOM in animal feces and antibiotics in the environment. In this paper, the photodegradation behavior of DOM in water and ice phase and the changes of DOM properties before and after photodegradation were studied using chicken manure as DOM source in large chicken farms. The effect of photodegradation of DOM on the binding of DOM to Cu2 zn _ 2 was investigated. The photodegradation behavior of tetracycline tetracycline (TCC), the most widely used antibiotic in aqueous and ice phases, was studied. And the effect of DOM on the photodegradation of TC. (1) in the range of 5 ~ 40 mg / L of Dom in aqueous simulated solar system, the photodegradation of Dom increased first and then decreased, and the maximum photodegradation rate of 20 mg / L of DOM was observed in the range of 5 ~ 40 mg / L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1); Both acidic and alkaline conditions inhibited the photodegradation of DOM. Increasing the temperature is beneficial to the photodegradation of DOM. The degradation rate of 20 mg / L DOM in aqueous phase under UV irradiation for 48 h reached 85%. However, under simulated solar light, both in water phase and ice phase, the degradation rate was 85%. DOM photolysis was very slow, and the degradation rates were only 7.2% and 4.5 after 48 h illumination. 3) the aromaticity of Dom decreased and the contents of humic and fulvic acid-like substances decreased with the increase of light time in aqueous ultraviolet and water-simulated solar system. In the ice phase, the aromaticity of DOM was decreased by freezing and thawing after simulated solar illumination. (4) in the three systems, the pH of Dom solution decreases with the increase of light time, but in the aqueous ultraviolet light system, the pH decrease is larger than that in the other two systems. (5) in the aqueous ultraviolet light, the contents of the molecular weight of 35000Da in the aqueous simulated solar system were decreased after irradiation. However, the total content of medium molecular weight and small molecular weight part increased, especially in ultraviolet light, the molecular weight of 35000Da part decreased more obviously. However, the molecular weight distribution of DOM does not change obviously in the ice-simulated solar system. (6) the binding properties of Dom and Cu2 ~ (2 +) Zn _ (2) in aqueous phase simulated solar system and aqueous phase ultraviolet light system decreased obviously with the increase of illumination time. However, there is no obvious change in the binding property in the ice phase simulated solar system. The photodegradation of 40 mg / L TC in both aqueous and ice-simulated solar systems accords with the first-order kinetic equation. The degradation rate in the former system was significantly higher than that in the latter system. The addition of Dom promoted the photodegradation of 20mg / LTC in the two systems, but the photodegradation of TC in the ice-simulated solar system was more obvious. The effect of DOM on the photodegradation of TC was different after different illumination time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X713

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