長期施肥下新疆灰漠土有機(jī)碳及作物產(chǎn)量演變
本文關(guān)鍵詞:長期施肥下新疆灰漠土有機(jī)碳及作物產(chǎn)量演變 出處:《中國生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報》2016年02期 論文類型:期刊論文
更多相關(guān)文章: 長期施肥 灰漠土 土壤有機(jī)碳 產(chǎn)量演變 碳投入
【摘要】:為明確長期不同施肥下新疆灰漠土有機(jī)碳和作物產(chǎn)量演變特征,依托始于1990年的灰漠土肥力長期定位監(jiān)測試驗,選擇對照(CK,不施肥)、施氮磷肥(NP)、氮磷鉀平衡施肥(NPK)、氮磷鉀配合常量有機(jī)肥(NPKM)、氮磷鉀配合高量有機(jī)肥(h NPKM,有機(jī)肥施用量為NPKM的2倍)、氮磷鉀配合秸稈還田(NPKS)6個處理,分析不同處理下土壤有機(jī)碳和小麥、玉米產(chǎn)量演變特征,探討碳投入及有機(jī)碳與作物產(chǎn)量的關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明:1)長期耗竭種植(CK)、連續(xù)施用NP或NPK肥,灰漠土有機(jī)碳含量持續(xù)下降,年均下降速率分別為0.094 g·kg~(-1)、0.043 g·kg~(-1)和0.053 g·kg~(-1),表明施化肥(NP、NPK)不能維持土壤有機(jī)碳含量,不利于土壤肥力的保持。NPKM和h NPKM處理,土壤有機(jī)碳顯著增加,年均增加0.360 g·kg~(-1)和0.575 g·kg~(-1),增施有機(jī)肥是快速提高灰漠土肥力的重要措施。秸稈還田處理(NKPS),土壤有機(jī)碳年均增幅0.006 g·kg~(-1),與NPK處理對比,秸稈還田雖沒有大幅度提高土壤有機(jī)碳,但維持了土壤肥力。2)較CK,長期化肥有機(jī)肥配施(NPKM、h NPKM)顯著增加了作物產(chǎn)量(P0.05)。與NP和NPK比較,長期化肥有機(jī)肥配施顯著提高了小麥產(chǎn)量(P0.05),但玉米產(chǎn)量與施化肥處理差異不顯著(P0.05),玉米產(chǎn)量以平衡施肥(NPK)的增幅最高,達(dá)到220 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)。小麥的產(chǎn)量變異系數(shù)(29.1%~43.9%)高于玉米產(chǎn)量變異(19.0%~32.7%);逝浜辖斩掃田(NPKS)處理的小麥增產(chǎn)幅度與高量施用有機(jī)肥(h NPKM)處理接近,喻示了秸稈還田對作物增產(chǎn)的作用不可忽視。3)碳投入與土壤有機(jī)碳和小麥、玉米產(chǎn)量有顯著線性正相關(guān)(P0.05)。基于以上分析,在干旱區(qū)灰漠土增加土壤碳投入(有機(jī)肥或秸稈)仍然是最基本的土壤培肥措施。
[Abstract]:In order to clarify the evolution characteristics of organic carbon and crop yield of Xinjiang grey desert soil under different fertilization for a long time, based on the long-term monitoring experiment on fertility of grey desert soil which began in 1990, CK and no fertilization were selected. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen were applied to NPK. The yield evolution characteristics of soil organic carbon, wheat and maize under different treatments were analyzed by applying organic fertilizer twice as much as NPKM and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with straw returning to the field. The relationship between carbon input, organic carbon and crop yield was studied. The results showed that the organic carbon content of grey desert soil decreased continuously after long-term depletion and continuous application of NP or NPK fertilizer. The annual decreasing rates were 0.094 g 路kg ~ (-1) and 0.053 g 路kg ~ (-1) respectively, which indicated that the application of chemical fertilizer was NP. NPK) can not maintain soil organic carbon content, which is not conducive to soil fertility. NPKM and h NPKM treatment, soil organic carbon significantly increased. The annual increase of 0.360 g 路kg ~ (-1) and 0.575 g 路kg ~ (-1) ~ (-1) of organic fertilizer is an important measure to increase the fertility of grey desert soil. The average annual increase of soil organic carbon was 0.006 g 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1). Compared with NPK treatment, straw returning to the field did not increase soil organic carbon significantly, but maintained soil fertility (0.2) than CK. Compared with NP and NPK, long-term chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer combined with NPKM significantly increased crop yield. Long-term organic fertilizer application significantly increased wheat yield, but the difference between maize yield and chemical fertilizer treatment was not significant (P 0.05), and the increase of maize yield was the highest in balanced fertilization (NPK). The coefficient of variation of wheat yield is 29.1and 43.9%) higher than that of corn yield variation (19.0m ~ 32.7%). The yield increase of wheat treated by chemical fertilizer combined with straw returning to field was close to that of high amount of organic fertilizer application. The results showed that the effect of straw returning to the field on crop yield could not be ignored. 3) carbon input had significant linear positive correlation with soil organic carbon and wheat, and maize yield had a significant linear positive correlation (P 0.05) based on the above analysis. Increasing soil carbon input (organic fertilizer or straw) is still the most basic measure of soil fertility in arid area.
【作者單位】: 新疆農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院土壤肥料與農(nóng)業(yè)節(jié)水研究所;國家灰漠土長期肥力與肥料效應(yīng)監(jiān)測站;
【基金】:新疆自治區(qū)自然科學(xué)基金面上項目(2013211A039)資助~~
【分類號】:S158.5
【正文快照】: Corresponding author,XU Yongmei,E-mail:xym1973@163.com土壤肥力和作物產(chǎn)量提升一直是農(nóng)業(yè)研究關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。土壤有機(jī)碳(soil organic carbon,SOC)是表征土壤肥力高低的主要指標(biāo),也是土壤學(xué)研究中肥力的代表性指標(biāo),在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)力、農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能及農(nóng)田肥力中占有非常
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