本文關(guān)鍵詞：灰漠土小麥-玉米-棉花輪作體系鉀平衡與鉀肥利用率　出處：《土壤學(xué)報》2016年01期 　論文類型：期刊論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 長期施肥 鉀平衡 鉀肥利用率 鉀素形態(tài) 灰漠土農(nóng)田

【摘要】：研究了干旱區(qū)灰漠土農(nóng)田典型作物長期定位方式下不同施肥處理對鉀平衡及鉀形態(tài)和利用率的影響。實驗包括9個處理,分別為不施肥(CK)、氮磷鉀不均衡配施(N、NP、NK和PK)以及均衡施肥與秸稈或有機肥配施(NPK、NPKS、NPKM和1.5 NPKM)。結(jié)果表明,均衡施肥的產(chǎn)量顯著高于不均衡施肥處理(NP除外)(p0.05)。其中NP處理的產(chǎn)量與其他均衡施肥產(chǎn)量并無明顯差異(p0.05),說明鉀不是灰漠土農(nóng)田虧缺養(yǎng)分。鉀平衡法發(fā)現(xiàn),均衡施肥中NPKS表現(xiàn)出鉀的盈余,而其余均衡施肥處理表現(xiàn)出鉀的虧缺,24年虧缺量達(dá)到268至2 966 kg hm-2。所有施肥處理中,NPKM和1.5NPKM擁有最高的鉀表觀利用率,分別達(dá)到81.2%和38.9%,顯著高于其他處理(p0.05),說明配施有機肥可以顯著提高灰漠土鉀肥利用率。長期定位試驗后,不同處理的鉀素形態(tài)變化顯著,尤其有機肥添加處理的非交換性鉀、非特殊吸附性鉀、水溶性鉀和交換性鉀顯著高于其他處理(p0.05),進(jìn)一步說明配施有機肥或秸稈維持灰漠土農(nóng)田鉀素肥力方面的重要性�？偠灾�,當(dāng)前灰漠土農(nóng)田常規(guī)施肥方式下的鉀虧缺正在逐步加大,補充更多的鉀肥以及配合使用有機肥或秸稈應(yīng)當(dāng)被重視。
[Abstract]:Study on the grey desert soil in dry farmland of typical crops under different long-term fertilization on potassium and potassium balance form and utilization effect. The experiment included 9 treatments, respectively, no fertilizer (CK), nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer is not balanced (N, NP, NK and PK) and balanced fertilization and straw straw or organic fertilizer (NPK, NPKS, NPKM and 1.5 NPKM). The results showed that the yield of balanced fertilization was significantly higher than that of balanced fertilization (except NP) (P0.05). The treatment of NP the yield and other yield balanced fertilization did not differ significantly (P0.05), indicating that the potassium is grey desert soil farmland nutrient deficiency found. Potassium balance method, balanced fertilization of NPKS showed potassium surplus, while the rest of the balanced fertilization showed potassium deficiency, 24 year deficit reached 268 to 2966 kg hm-2. in all fertilizer treatments, NPKM and 1.5NPKM have the highest potassium apparent utilization rate reached 81.2% and 38.9%, respectively, significantly higher than that of Other treatments (P0.05), shows that organic fertilizer can significantly improve the grey desert soil potassium utilization rate. The long-term location test after different treatments of potassium forms changed significantly, especially non exchangeable K in organic fertilizer treatment added, non specifically adsorbed potassium, water soluble K and exchangeable K was significantly higher than other treatments (P0.05), further shows that organic manure or straw to maintain the Grey Desert Soil Potassium Fertility of farmland importance. In short, the grey desert soil farmland under conventional fertilization of potassium deficiency is gradually increasing, more with the use of potassium fertilizer and organic manure or straw should be paid attention to.

【作者單位】： 新疆農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院土壤肥料與農(nóng)業(yè)節(jié)水研究所;河南省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院植物營養(yǎng)與資源環(huán)境研究所;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(41461066) 公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項經(jīng)費(201203030-08-04) 國家灰漠土肥力與肥料效益監(jiān)測站資助~~
【分類號】：S158
【正文快照】： 土壤的空間異質(zhì)性以及土壤礦質(zhì)元素區(qū)域分布的差異性,導(dǎo)致不同土壤礦質(zhì)養(yǎng)分的分布呈現(xiàn)地域性的特點,其中鉀素的區(qū)域差異性顯得尤為明顯[1-4]。鉀素作為植物營養(yǎng)的三大營養(yǎng)元素之一,對作物的高產(chǎn)、優(yōu)質(zhì)和抗逆性有著舉足輕重的作用[5-7]。近年來隨著作物品種的改善、氮磷肥的大

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