本文關(guān)鍵詞：肥培毛竹林土壤氨揮發(fā)特征　出處：《林業(yè)科學(xué)》2016年11期 　論文類(lèi)型：期刊論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 毛竹 氮 氨揮發(fā) 施肥深度 銨態(tài)氮含量

【摘要】：【目的】通過(guò)田間試驗(yàn)研究不同施肥深度毛竹林土壤氨揮發(fā)特征,為毛竹林合理施肥提高養(yǎng)分利用率、降低損失提供理論依據(jù)�！痉椒ā恳园不帐↑S山區(qū)毛竹林為對(duì)象,設(shè)置0,5,10,15,20,25和30 cm 7個(gè)施肥深度,分別施入尿素、過(guò)磷酸鈣和氯化鉀,以不施肥作為空白對(duì)照。氨揮發(fā)的收集采用通氣法,用2%硼酸作為氨的吸收液。采用單因素分析(ANOVA)進(jìn)行顯著性檢驗(yàn)和最小顯著性差異法(LSD)進(jìn)行多重比較。【結(jié)果】毛竹林施肥后土壤銨態(tài)氮含量先升高后降低,最后趨于穩(wěn)定;氨揮發(fā)進(jìn)程隨施肥時(shí)間呈現(xiàn)明顯的規(guī)律性變化,并與施肥深度關(guān)系密切。在施肥后第2天即被檢測(cè)到揮發(fā)氨,施肥后毛竹林土壤的氨揮發(fā)速率先升高后降低,呈單峰曲線變化;0,5和10 cm深度施肥處理的氨揮發(fā)速率在第3天達(dá)到最大值,而15,20,25和30 cm深度施肥處理在第6天達(dá)到峰值;隨后氨揮發(fā)速率逐日降低,至第12天時(shí)降至未施肥處理水平。氨揮發(fā)過(guò)程可分為快速和慢速2個(gè)階段:施肥后1~8天為快速上升階段,8天內(nèi)揮發(fā)量占試驗(yàn)期間氨揮發(fā)總量的81.93%~92.38%;第8天后氨揮發(fā)速率明顯降低,各施肥深度氨揮發(fā)累積量(y)與時(shí)間(t)符合Elovish動(dòng)力學(xué)方程(y=a+b lnt);試驗(yàn)結(jié)束后,各施肥處理毛竹林土壤氨揮發(fā)損失量為10.12~27.17 kg·h~(-1)。施肥深度對(duì)氨揮發(fā)影響明顯,平均氨揮發(fā)速率和揮發(fā)損失量隨深度增加而逐漸降低,以0和5 cm施肥深度處損失量最大,分別達(dá)27.17和25.66 kg·h~(-1),相當(dāng)于施氮量的21.05%和19.88%,在施肥深度超過(guò)15 cm時(shí),損失率降幅明顯減緩�！窘Y(jié)論】集約經(jīng)營(yíng)毛竹林,施肥后8天內(nèi)氨揮發(fā)速度快,建議通過(guò)環(huán)境條件調(diào)控降低氮素流失;施肥深度超過(guò)15 cm氨揮發(fā)損失率較低,但深層施肥可能導(dǎo)致淋溶損失,同時(shí)也增加生產(chǎn)成本。綜合考慮毛竹根系分布及氮素?fù)p失、利用情況,施肥深度應(yīng)為15~20 cm土層。
[Abstract]:[Objective] the field experiments of fertilization depth soil ammonia volatilization characteristics, Mao Zhulin rational fertilization to improve nutrient utilization, reduce losses and provide a theoretical basis. [method] by Mao Zhulin in Anhui District of Mount Huangshan Province as the object, set the 0,5,10,15,20,25 and 30 cm 7 fertilization depth, were applied into urea, superphosphate and potassium chloride. With no fertilizer as control. Ammonia volatilization was collected by aeration method with 2% boric acid as absorption liquid ammonia. The single factor analysis (ANOVA) were analyzed and the least significant difference method (LSD) for multiple comparisons. [results] the nitrogen content of soil ammonium bamboo after fertilization increased after the first reduced, and finally tends to be stable; ammonia volatilization process varies regularly with the time of fertilization, and the relationship with the fertilization depth closely. In second days after fertilization was detected by volatile ammonia, after fertilization of bamboo forest soil Ammonia volatilization rate of soil increased first and then decreased, showed a single peak curve; 0,5 and depth of 10 cm fertilizer ammonia volatilization rate reached the maximum in third days, while the 15,20,25 and the depth of 30 cm treatments reached the peak at sixth days; then the rate of ammonia volatilization decreased day by day, to twelfth days to no fertilization level. Ammonia volatilization process can be divided into 2 stages: fast and slow 1~8 days after fertilization for the rapid rise, volatilization within 8 days accounted for 81.93%~92.38% of total ammonia volatilization during the test; eighth days after the ammonia volatilization rate decreased obviously, the depth of ammonia volatilization accumulation in different fertilization (Y) and time (T) with Elovish (dynamic equation y=a+b LNT); after the test, all the treatments of soil ammonia volatilization to Mao Zhulin 10.12~27.17 kg h~ (-1). The effect of fertilization depth on ammonia volatilization significantly, the average rate of ammonia volatilization and volatilization with depth decreased to 0 The maximum depth of 5 cm and the fertilizer loss amount, up to 27.17 kg and 25.66 h~ respectively (-1), equivalent to the amount of nitrogen in 21.05% and 19.88%, fertilization depth more than 15 cm, the loss rate of decline slowed down significantly. [Conclusion] intensive management of bamboo, fertilization within 8 days after the ammonia volatilization speed suggestions by environmental regulation to reduce nitrogen loss; fertilization depth more than 15 cm ammonia volatilization rate is low, but deep fertilization may lead to leaching loss, but also increase the cost of production. The utilization of bamboo root distribution and nitrogen loss, comprehensive consideration, fertilization depth should be 15~20 cm layer.

【作者單位】： 國(guó)際竹藤中心國(guó)家林業(yè)局竹藤科學(xué)與技術(shù)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;西南林業(yè)大學(xué);
【基金】：科研事業(yè)費(fèi)項(xiàng)目(1632014011) 國(guó)家林業(yè)局948項(xiàng)目(2014-4-58)
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S714
【正文快照】： 毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)是我國(guó)分布面積最廣、栽植和利用歷史最悠久的竹種。根據(jù)第八次全國(guó)森林資源清查,我國(guó)毛竹林面積443萬(wàn)hm2,占竹林總面積的74%。當(dāng)前,木材供需矛盾日益突出、環(huán)境壓力不斷加大,毛竹具有生長(zhǎng)快、周期短、材質(zhì)堅(jiān)韌和永續(xù)利用等諸多優(yōu)勢(shì)(周芳純,1998;江

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