本文關(guān)鍵詞：氮添加對(duì)帽兒山地區(qū)六樹(shù)種人工林土壤微生物生物量及群落結(jié)構(gòu)的影響　出處：《東北林業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 施氮肥 人工林 土壤微生物 微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu) 磷脂脂肪酸 季節(jié)變化

【摘要】：土壤微生物是森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中重要的組成部分,對(duì)管理土壤的養(yǎng)分收支、調(diào)節(jié)土壤的理化平衡、清理土壤的有毒物質(zhì)、輔助植物的養(yǎng)分吸收等發(fā)揮重要的作用。氮被認(rèn)為是溫帶森林土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)凈初級(jí)生產(chǎn)力的限制性養(yǎng)分因素,對(duì)土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的物質(zhì)和能量變化產(chǎn)生影響。因此,研究氮添加對(duì)土壤微生物含量及群落結(jié)構(gòu)的影響對(duì)于了解森林土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)針對(duì)環(huán)境變化的響應(yīng)有十分重要的意義。本文應(yīng)用磷脂脂肪酸技術(shù),探討了短期施氮肥對(duì)東北主要造林樹(shù)種紅松(Pinus koraiensis)、云杉(Picea koraiensis)、落葉松(Larix gmelinii)、黃菠蘿(Phellodendron amurensis)、水曲柳(Fraxinus mandschurica)、胡桃楸(Juglans mandschurica)土壤微生物含量及群落結(jié)構(gòu)的影響,同時(shí)結(jié)合土壤理化性質(zhì)分析,探討了影響土壤微生物群落的因素,得到以下結(jié)論：(1)氮添加顯著提高了6樹(shù)種人工林土壤銨態(tài)氮和硝態(tài)氮含量,且對(duì)硝態(tài)氮含量影響遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)銨態(tài)氮。同時(shí),氮添加導(dǎo)致6樹(shù)種人工林土壤pH顯著下降,說(shuō)明施肥導(dǎo)致6樹(shù)種人工林產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的硝化作用。另外氮添加對(duì)土壤全碳和全氮含量并未產(chǎn)生顯著影響,說(shuō)明短期氮添加不能造成土壤碳氮格局的改變。此外,受氮添加影響,6樹(shù)種人工林全磷含量顯著降低,原因可能是土壤有效氮增加導(dǎo)致樹(shù)木對(duì)磷的需求量增加。(2)6樹(shù)種人工林土壤微生物生物量碳氮隨季節(jié)變化顯著,且均表現(xiàn)為春季夏季秋季的變化規(guī)律。氮添加導(dǎo)致土壤微生物生物量碳氮在各季節(jié)均顯著降低,但并不改變其季節(jié)動(dòng)態(tài)格局,說(shuō)明氮添加對(duì)土壤微生物產(chǎn)生明顯影響。(3)通過(guò)磷脂脂肪酸分析結(jié)果得知,氮添加對(duì)土壤微生物含量產(chǎn)生影響,導(dǎo)致6樹(shù)種人工林土壤微生物總量和細(xì)菌含量的顯著下降,且對(duì)針葉樹(shù)種的影響普遍大于闊葉樹(shù)種。另外氮添加對(duì)針葉樹(shù)真菌的含量產(chǎn)生顯著影響,但對(duì)闊葉樹(shù)真菌的含量影響不顯著。氮添加對(duì)6樹(shù)種人工林土壤放線菌含量均不構(gòu)成顯著影響。(4)氮添加顯著改變了6樹(shù)種人工林土壤微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu),導(dǎo)致土壤真菌／細(xì)菌比的顯著下降,下降的主要原因是真菌含量的下降。另外氮添加改變了細(xì)菌群落結(jié)構(gòu),導(dǎo)致革蘭氏陽(yáng)性菌與革蘭氏陰性菌的比例降低,說(shuō)明氮添加緩解了環(huán)境條件對(duì)革蘭氏陰性菌的限制。(5)將土壤微生物含量與土壤理化性質(zhì)進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析,結(jié)果表明土壤pH值是影響微生物含量的最重要因素,氮添加引起的土壤有效氮含量增加并不直接影響微生物的活性和含量,但是,氮添加引起的土壤pH值降低和增加的土壤酸化對(duì)微生物的影響是不能忽視的。
[Abstract]:Soil microorganism is an important component of forest ecosystem, the soil nutrient budget management, physical and chemical balance of soil, soil clean up toxic substances, auxiliary plant nutrient absorption play an important role. Nitrogen is the limiting nutrient factors of net primary productivity in temperate forest soil ecosystem, effects on soil the ecological system of substance and energy changes. Therefore, study on the effects of nitrogen addition on soil microbial community structure and content for the understanding of forest ecosystem in response to environmental change has important significance. This paper by phospholipid fatty acid, discusses the pine fertilizer on the main afforestation tree species in short Northeast (Pinus koraiensis), spruce (Picea koraiensis), larch (Larix gmelinii), yellow pineapple (Phellodendron amurensis), Fraxinus mandshurica (Fraxinus mandschurica), Juglans mandshurica (Juglan S mandschurica) and the content of soil microbial community structure, combined with analysis of soil physicochemical properties, discussed the influence factors of soil microbial community, get the following conclusions: (1) nitrogen addition significantly increased 6 species of plantation soil ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content, and the influence on the nitrate content of more than ammonium nitrogen is added. At the same time, resulting in 6 species of plantation soil pH decreased significantly, indicating fertilization resulted in 6 tree plantation had strong nitrification. In addition nitrogen addition on soil total carbon and total nitrogen content did not have a significant impact, that short period of nitrogen addition can cause changes in the pattern of soil carbon and nitrogen. In addition, n effect of adding, the total phosphorus content of 6 species of plantation was significantly reduced, the reason may be led to an increase in soil available nitrogen phosphorus increased demand for trees. (2) 6 species of artificial forest soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen with seasonal changes significantly , and showed that variation of spring and summer autumn. Nitrogen addition resulted in both soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen decreased significantly in each season, but did not change its seasonal pattern, that nitrogen addition has significant effects on soil microorganisms. (3) by phospholipid fatty acid analysis showed that nitrogen addition effect on microorganism the content of soil, resulting in a significant decrease of 6 tree species in plantation soil microbial biomass and bacterial content, and the influence on coniferous trees larger than broad-leaved tree species. In addition to add nitrogen content on conifer fungi have a significant impact, but the impact on the content of broadleaf tree fungus was not significant. Nitrogen addition on Soil 6 species plantations actinomycetes content does not constitute a significant impact. (4) nitrogen addition significantly changed the 6 tree species of plantation, soil microbial community structure, resulting in a significant decrease of soil fungi / bacteria ratio, the main reason for the decline Is the content of fungi decreased. In addition, nitrogen addition changed the bacterial community structure, resulting in gram positive bacteria and gram negative bacteria decreased the proportion that nitrogen addition to ease the limitation of environmental conditions on Gram negative bacteria (5). The content of soil microbial and soil physicochemical properties in the correlation analysis, the results showed that soil pH value is the most important factors affecting the microbial content, nitrogen content of soil available nitrogen increase does not directly affect the content and activity of microorganisms, but nitrogen added soil pH value caused by decreasing and increasing the effect of soil acidification on microbes can't be ignored.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S714.3

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