本文關(guān)鍵詞：不同有機(jī)肥中Cu、Zn在農(nóng)田土壤中的有效性與形態(tài)歸趨　出處：《植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)與肥料學(xué)報(bào)》2016年04期 　論文類型：期刊論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 有機(jī)肥 銅 鋅 農(nóng)田土壤 有效性 形態(tài)歸趨

【摘要】：【目的】畜禽糞便有機(jī)肥的施用是造成我國(guó)農(nóng)田土壤重金屬污染的重要原因之一。本文選用兩種典型規(guī)模化養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)畜禽糞便有機(jī)肥,研究其在石灰性土壤和酸性土壤上施用1年后Cu、Zn的有效性和形態(tài)歸趨,為客觀評(píng)價(jià)畜禽糞便有機(jī)肥中重金屬進(jìn)入土壤后的環(huán)境行為和生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提供理論依據(jù)。【方法】采用溫室土壤培養(yǎng)試驗(yàn),在石灰性土壤和酸性土壤上分別設(shè)對(duì)照(CK)、施2%雞糞(CM2%)、施5%雞糞(CM5%)、施與CM2%、CM5%含等量Cu、Zn的重金屬無(wú)機(jī)鹽溶液(CS2%、CS5%)、施2%豬糞(PM2%)、施5%豬糞(PM5%)、施與PM2%、PM5%含等量Cu、Zn的重金屬無(wú)機(jī)鹽溶液(PS2%、PS5%)9個(gè)處理,每個(gè)處理設(shè)3次重復(fù),在溫室條件下培養(yǎng)1年。測(cè)定土壤p H值,EDTA提取有效態(tài)Cu、Zn以及采用改進(jìn)Tessier連續(xù)提取法提取的各形態(tài)Cu、Zn的含量,分析雞糞、豬糞及等量無(wú)機(jī)鹽溶液中Cu、Zn進(jìn)入土壤后的有效性和形態(tài)歸趨�！窘Y(jié)果】施用雞糞和豬糞1年后,石灰性土壤的p H值降低,酸性土壤的p H值升高,施用5%豬糞時(shí)石灰性土壤p H值降低了0.23個(gè)單位,酸性土壤p H值升高了0.87個(gè)單位。施入雞糞、豬糞1年后,石灰性土壤中有效態(tài)Zn和酸性土壤中有效態(tài)Cu、Zn含量顯著增加,施用5%豬糞時(shí)酸性土壤中有效態(tài)Cu含量增加了1.95倍,施用5%雞糞時(shí)2種土壤中有效態(tài)Cu的含量均顯著低于等量無(wú)機(jī)鹽。施用雞糞和等量無(wú)機(jī)鹽后,2種土壤中交換態(tài)和有機(jī)結(jié)合態(tài)Cu的含量顯著增加,交換態(tài)、碳酸鹽結(jié)合態(tài)、有機(jī)結(jié)合態(tài)和鐵錳氧化物結(jié)合態(tài)Zn的含量顯著增加;施用豬糞和等量無(wú)機(jī)鹽后,2種土壤中交換態(tài)、鐵錳氧化物結(jié)合態(tài)和有機(jī)結(jié)合態(tài)Cu的含量顯著增加,碳酸鹽結(jié)合態(tài)和鐵錳氧化物結(jié)合態(tài)Zn的含量顯著增加�！窘Y(jié)論】施用雞糞、豬糞提高了石灰性土壤中Zn和酸性土壤中Cu、Zn的有效性,高用量條件下雞糞中Cu的有效性低于等量無(wú)機(jī)鹽。1年后,通過(guò)畜禽糞便有機(jī)肥帶入2種土壤中的Cu主要以交換態(tài)和有機(jī)結(jié)合態(tài)的形式存在,Zn則主要以碳酸鹽結(jié)合態(tài)、鐵錳氧化物結(jié)合態(tài)和有機(jī)結(jié)合態(tài)的形式存在。2種土壤上有機(jī)肥帶入的Cu、Zn轉(zhuǎn)化為鐵錳氧化物結(jié)合態(tài)的比例低于等量無(wú)機(jī)鹽,2種有機(jī)肥帶入2種土壤中的Cu轉(zhuǎn)化為交換態(tài)和有機(jī)結(jié)合態(tài)的比例高于等量無(wú)機(jī)鹽。雞糞帶入的Zn轉(zhuǎn)化為交換態(tài)的比例在酸性土壤中低于等量無(wú)機(jī)鹽,但在石灰性土壤中則高于等量無(wú)機(jī)鹽。
[Abstract]:[Objective] poultry manure application organic fertilizer is one of the important causes of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil in our country. This paper selects two typical large-scale farms of livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizer, study the 1 years after the application of Cu in calcareous soil and acid soil, and effective form of Zn fate, theory according to the environmental behavior and ecological risk assessment of livestock manure organic fertilizer in heavy metalnot. [method] the greenhouse soil culture experiment in calcareous soil and acid soil were divided into control (CK), 2% (CM2%), 5% chicken manure (CM5%), and CM2%, CM5% the same amount of Cu, heavy metal inorganic salt solution Zn (CS2%, CS5%), 2% (PM2%), 5% pig manure (PM5%), and PM2%, PM5% or equivalent, Cu, heavy metal inorganic salt solution Zn (PS2%, PS5%) 9 treatments, each treatment was repeated 3 times, under greenhouse conditions 1 years of training test. The soil P value of H, EDTA and Zn to extract the effective state of Cu, the morphology of Cu modified Tessier sequential extraction method, extraction, analysis of Zn content of chicken manure, pig manure, and the same amount of inorganic salt solution Cu, the validity of Zn after entering into the soil and the morphological fate. [results] Application of chicken manure and pig manure after 1 years calcareous soil P, H decreased, P H increased in acidic soil, application of pig manure in calcareous soil P 5% when the H value decreased by 0.23 units, the acid soil P H value increased by 0.87. 1 years after the application of chicken manure, pig manure, available available Zn and Cu in acid soil in calcareous soil, Zn content increased significantly after 5%, when the available Cu content in pig manure in acidic soil increased by 1.95 times, with 5% when the content of 2 kinds of chicken manure available Cu in soil were significantly lower than the amount of inorganic salt. Application of chicken manure and the same amount of inorganic salt, 2 kinds of exchangeable and organic Cu the content of soil Significantly increased the exchangeable, carbonate bound, organic bound and Fe Mn oxide content of Zn increased significantly; pig manure and the same amount of inorganic salt, 2 species exchange in soil, Fe Mn oxides and organic Cu content increased significantly, the carbonate bound and Fe Mn oxide bound content bound Zn increased. [Conclusion] Application of chicken manure, pig manure increased in calcareous soil and acid soil in Zn Cu, the effectiveness of Zn, high dosage under the conditions of validity in chicken manure Cu below the amount of inorganic salt after.1 years, the livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizer into 2 kinds of soil Cu mainly exists in the exchangeable and organic forms of Zn are mainly carbonate bound, Fe Mn oxide bound and organic bound form of.2 kinds of soil organic manure Cu, Zn into the Fe Mn oxides ratio is lower than the other The amount of inorganic salt, 2 kinds of organic manure in 2 soils Cu into exchangeable and organic inorganic salts. The proportion is higher than the amount of chicken manure into Zn into exchangeable proportion is lower than the equivalent of inorganic salt in acidic soil, but in calcareous soil is higher than that of inorganic salt.

【作者單位】： 中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)資源與環(huán)境學(xué)院;河北農(nóng)林科學(xué)院農(nóng)業(yè)資源環(huán)境研究所;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41271488) 河北省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(C2013301066)資助
【分類號(hào)】：S141
【正文快照】： 農(nóng)田土壤環(huán)境容量影響農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全。有研究表明,我國(guó)農(nóng)田土壤重金屬污染的重要來(lái)源之一是畜禽糞便有機(jī)肥的施用[1]。Nicholson等[2]研究也表明,畜禽糞便對(duì)農(nóng)田土壤Cu、Zn的年貢獻(xiàn)率分別為37%40%和8%17%。我國(guó)畜禽糞便產(chǎn)生量2011年達(dá)21.21億t,并將隨著畜禽

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