微地震監(jiān)測(cè)在煤田,儲(chǔ)層壓裂以及油藏驅(qū)動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)等領(lǐng)域扮演著重要角色。其中,微地震監(jiān)測(cè)是地下水力壓裂裂縫成像的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。在水力壓裂改造儲(chǔ)層過(guò)程中,通過(guò)微地震監(jiān)測(cè)裂縫分布或巖石屬性變化,有利于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)工程師有效地評(píng)估水力壓裂的效力并進(jìn)行下一次壓裂工程等等。目前評(píng)估壓裂儲(chǔ)層體積主要有三種途徑:第一種,通過(guò)微地震的位置和震源機(jī)制來(lái)描繪裂縫發(fā)育的形態(tài)和體積;第二種,直接對(duì)產(chǎn)生儲(chǔ)層改造區(qū)域內(nèi)的裂縫或斷層進(jìn)行成像;第三種,直接反演儲(chǔ)層改造區(qū)域內(nèi)的巖石地質(zhì)力學(xué)參數(shù)（例如速度比或泊松比）的變化。因此,我們主要對(duì)目前存在于這三種途徑中的主流方法進(jìn)行分析和改進(jìn)。在第一種途徑中,我們主要是解決地表和井中監(jiān)測(cè)定位方法存在的一些問(wèn)題。地表和井中監(jiān)測(cè)是目前兩種常用的監(jiān)測(cè)手段。在地表監(jiān)測(cè)中,由于接收到的地震信號(hào)弱的原因,通常利用繞射掃描疊加的方法來(lái)確定地震事件的位置。在繞射掃描疊加算法中,常規(guī)的線性疊加條件不能消除極性反轉(zhuǎn)以及壓制噪音所導(dǎo)致的定位誤差。因此,我們提出了兩種基于相關(guān)的疊加條件用于解決極性反轉(zhuǎn)及緩解低信噪比的影響:第一個(gè)是互相關(guān)疊加條件,在疊加過(guò)程中,我們先得到相鄰記錄上的能量積,然后再將這些能量積們相加得到時(shí)空... 

【文章來(lái)源】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)安徽省 211工程院校 985工程院校

【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】：148 頁(yè)

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
    1.1 Problems
    1.2 Contributions
    1.3 Outline
CHAPTER 2 AUTOMATIC MICROSEISMIC STACKING LOCATION WITH AMULTI-CROSS-CORRELATION IMAGING CONDITION
    2.2 Introduction
    2.3 Methods
    2.4 Synthetic examples
    2.5 Field data examples
    2.6 Discussions and conclusions
CHAPTER 3 VERTICAL SLOWNESS CONSTRAINED JOINT VTI PARAMETERS AND EVENTLOCATIONS INVERSION FOR MICROSEISMIC MONITORING
    3.2 Introduction
    3.3 Theory
        3.3.1 Traveltime inversion method (TM)
        3.3.2 Vertical slowness constrained traveltime inversion method (VTM)
    3.4 Synthetic examples
    3.5 Field data example
    3.6 Conclusions
CHAPTER 4 MICROSEISMIC REVERSE TIME MIGRATION WITH AMULTI-CROSS-CORRELATION STAINING ALGORITHM FOR FRACTUREIMAGING
    4.2 Introduction
    4.3 Stained wavefield and stained data
    4.4 Multi-cross-correlation imaging condition
    4.5 Synthetic examples
    4.6 Conclusions
CHAPTER 5 ABSOLUTE,DOUBLE-DIFFERENCE,AND CROSS DOUBLE-DIFFERENCETOMOGRAPHY FOR MICROSEISMIC EVENT LOCATION AND 3D POISSON'SRATIO MODEL
    5.2 Introduction
    5.3 Theory
    5.4 Tomography for 3D Vp and Poisson's ratio models
    5.5 Tomography for event locations, 3D Vp and Poisson's ratio models
    5.6 Discussions
    5.7 Conclusions
CHAPTER 6 JOINT EVENT LOCATION AND 3D POISSON'S RATIO TOMOGRAPHY FORMICROSEISMIC MONITORING
    6.2 Introduction
    6.3 Theory
    6.4 Synthetic example
    6.5 Field example
    6.6 Discussions and conclusions
CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE SUGGESTIONS
APPENDIX A: sensitivity kernels for event parameters
APPENDIX B: sensitivity kernels for Thomsen's parameters
APPENDIX C: sensitivity kernels for velocity and Poisson's ratio
APPENDIX D:double-difference passive seismic tomography
APPENDIX E: cross double-difference passive seismic tomography
APPENDIX F: comparison of double-difference and cross double-difference passiveseismic tomography
REFERENCES
PUBLICATIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS(致謝)


【參考文獻(xiàn)】：
期刊論文
[1]Velocity Modeling and Inversion Techniques for Locating Microseismic Events in Unconventional Reservoirs[J]. Jianzhong Zhang,Han Liu,Zhihui Zou,Zhonglai Huang.  Journal of Earth Science. 2015(04)
[2]微地震定位的加權(quán)彈性波干涉成像法（英文）[J]. 李磊,陳浩,王秀明.  Applied Geophysics. 2015(02)
[3]相對(duì)保幅的角度域VSP逆時(shí)偏移（英文）[J]. 孫文博,孫贊東,朱興卉.  Applied Geophysics. 2011(02)



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